Related papers: Virtual Knot Invariants from Group Biquandles and …
Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…
We identify a subcategory of biracks which define counting invariants of unoriented links, which we call involutory biracks. In particular, involutory biracks of birack rank N=1 are biquandles, which we call bikei. We define counting…
We enhance the quandle counting invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links using a construction similar to quandle modules but inspired by symplectic quandle operations rather than Alexander quandle operations. Given a…
We define a family of quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite quandle $X$, abelian group $A$, set of quandle 2-cocycles $C\subset H^2_Q(x;A)$, choice of…
We introduce a new family of invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links using fares, maps from paths in biquandle-colored diagrams to an abelian coefficient group. We consider the cases of 1-fares and 2-fares, provide…
In the paper of Yu. A. Mikhalchishina for an arbitrary virtual link $L$ three groups $G_{1,r}(L)$, $r>0$, $G_{2}(L)$ and $G_{3}(L)$ were defined. In the present paper these groups for the virtual trefoil are investigated. The structure of…
Given a homomorphism from a link group to a group, we introduce a $K_1$-class in another way, which is a generalization of the 1-variable Alexander polynomial. We compare the $K_1$-class with $K_1$-classes in \cite{Nos} and with…
We use the structure of skew braces to enhance the biquandle counting invariant for virtual knots and links for finite biquandles defined from skew braces. We introduce two new invariants: a single-variable polynomial using skew brace…
A polynomial invariant of virtual links, arising from an invariant of links in thickened surfaces introduced by Jaeger, Kauffman, and Saleur, is defined and its properties are investigated. Examples are given that the invariant can detect…
A birack is an algebraic structure with axioms encoding the blackboard-framed Reidemeister moves, incorporating quandles, racks, strong biquandles and semiquandles as special cases. In this paper we extend the counting invariant for finite…
We study combinatorial properties of virtual braid groups and we describe relations with finite type invariant theory for virtual knots and Yang-Baxter equations
Lower bounds of betti numbers for homology groups of racks and quandles will be given using the quotient homomorphism to the orbit quandles. Exact sequences relating various types of homology groups are analyzed. Geometric methods of…
Quandle cocycles are constructed from extensions of quandles. The theory is parallel to that of group cohomology and group extensions. An interpretation of quandle cocycle invariants as obstructions to extending knot colorings is given, and…
The theory of quandle (co)homology and cocycle knot invariants is rapidly being developed. We begin with a summary of these recent advances. One such advance is the notion of a dynamical cocycle. We show how dynamical cocycles can be used…
In this paper, we consider biquandle colorings for knotoids in $\mathbb{R}^2$ or $S^2$ and we construct several coloring invariants for knotoids derived as enhancements of the biquandle counting invariant. We first enhance the biquandle…
In this paper we show how generalized quaternions, including 2X2 matrices, can be used to find solutions of a non-commuting equation intimately connected with braid groups. These solutions can then be used to find polynomial invariants of…
The classical abelian invariants of a knot are the Alexander module, which is the first homology group of the the unique infinite cyclic covering space of S^3-K, considered as a module over the (commutative) Laurent polynomial ring, and the…
Cocycles are constructed by polynomial expressions for Alexander quandles. As applications, non-triviality of some quandle homology groups are proved, and quandle cocycle invariants of knots are studied. In particular, for an infinite…
The derived group of a permutation representation, introduced by R.H. Crowell, unites many notions of knot theory. We survey Crowell's construction, and offer new applications. The twisted Alexander group of a knot is defined. Using it, we…
We introduce an infinite family of quiver representation-valued invariants of classical, virtual and surface-knots and links associated to a choice of finite biquandle, commutative unital ring, biquandle module and set of biquandle…