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We define a class of "algebraic" random matrices. These are random matrices for which the Stieltjes transform of the limiting eigenvalue distribution function is algebraic, i.e., it satisfies a (bivariate) polynomial equation. The Wigner…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-10-31 N. Raj Rao , Alan Edelman

Let M be a B-probability space. Assume that B itself is a D-probability space; then M can be viewed as a D-probability space as well. Let X be in M. We characterize freeness of X from B with amalgamation over D in terms of a certain…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Alexandru Nica , Dimitri Shlyakhtenko , Roland Speicher

Let k be a positive integer and let D_k denote the space of joint distributions for k-tuples of selfadjoint elements in C*-probability space. The paper studies the concept of "subordination distribution of \mu \boxplus \nu with respect to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-10-30 Alexandru Nica

Different types of convolution operations involving large Vandermonde matrices are considered. The convolutions parallel those of large Gaussian matrices and additive and multiplicative free convolution. First additive and multiplicative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Ø. Ryan , M. Debbah

The probability distribution for the free energy of directed polymers in random media (DPRM) with uncorrelated noise in $d=1+1$ dimensions satisfies the Tracy-Widom distribution. We inquire if and how this universal distribution is modified…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-07-06 Sherry Chu , Mehran Kardar

The goal of these expository notes is to give an introduction to random matrices for non-specialist of this topic focusing on the link between random matrices and systems of particles in interaction. We first recall some general results…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Valentin Pesce

We study matricial approximations of master fields we constructed in a previous work. These approximations (in non-commutative distribution) are obtained by extracting blocks of a Brownian unitary diffusion (with entries in $\mathbb{R},…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Nicolas Gilliers

Large random matrices appear in different fields of mathematics and physics such as combinatorics, probability theory, statistics, operator theory, number theory, quantum field theory, string theory etc... In the last ten years, they…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alice Guionnet

Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to a broad range of problems where overparametrization yields weight matrices which are partially random. A comparison of weight matrix singular vectors to the Porter-Thomas distribution…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-01-22 Max Staats , Matthias Thamm , Bernd Rosenow

In random matrices with independent and continuous matrix entries, the degeneracy probability of the eigenvalues is known to be zero. In this paper, random matrices including discontinuous matrix entries are analyzed in order to observe how…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Masanari Shimura

We introduce a class of independence relations, which include free, Boolean and monotone independence, in operator valued probability. We show that this class of independence relations have a matricial extension property so that we can…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-09-21 Weihua Liu

We review our recent results on pseudo-hermitian random matrix theory which were hitherto presented in various conferences and talks. (Detailed accounts of our work will appear soon in separate publications.) Following an introduction of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Joshua Feinberg , Roman Riser

Financial stock returns correlations have been studied in the prism of random matrix theory, to distinguish the signal from the "noise". Eigenvalues of the matrix that are above the rescaled Marchenko Pastur distribution can be interpreted…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-19 Ixandra Achitouv

The equivalence of the characteristic function approach and the probabilistic approach to monotone and boolean convolutions is proven for non-compactly supported probability measures. A probabilistically motivated definition of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Uwe Franz

It has been observed that the statistical distribution of the eigenvalues of random matrices possesses universal properties, independent of the probability law of the stochastic matrix. In this article we find the correlation functions of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 B. Eynard

The paper presents conditions on entry permutations that induce asymptotic freeness when acting on Gaussian random matrices. The class of permutations described includes the matrix transpose, as well as entry permutations relevant in…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Mihai Popa

In information theory, the link between continuous information and discrete information is established through well-known sampling theorems. Sampling theory explains, for example, how frequency-filtered music signals are reconstructible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Achim Kempf

We suggest that Free Random Variables, represented here by large random matrices with spectral Levy disorder, may be relevant for several problems related to the modeling of financial systems. In particular, we consider a financial…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Z. Burda , J. Jurkiewicz , M. A. Nowak , G. Papp , I. Zahed

We determine the distributional behavior for products of free random variables in a general infinitesimal triangular array. In the case of positive variables, the main theorem extends a result proved earlier for arrays with identically…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hari Bercovici , Jiun-Chau Wang

In this mini-review, dedicated to the Jubilee of Professor Tadeusz Marek, we highlight in a popular way the power of so-called free random variables (hereafter FRV) calculus, viewed as a potential probability calculus for the XXI century,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-09 Ewa Gudowska-Nowak , Maciej A. Nowak