Related papers: Beyond Complex Numbers
In DOI:10.1017/etds.2022.2 the author proved that for each integer $k$ there is an implicit number $M > 0$ such that if $b_1, \cdots , b_k$ are multiplicatively independent integers greater than $M$, there are infinitely many integers whose…
A set of integers is $S$-recognizable in an abstract numeration system $S$ if the language made up of the representations of its elements is accepted by a finite automaton. For abstract numeration systems built over bounded languages with…
We consider a problem of bounding the maximal possible multiplicity of a zero at of some expansions $\sum a_i F_i(x)$, at a certain point $c,$ depending on the chosen family $\{F_i \}$. The most important example is a polynomial with $c=1.$…
In this expository article, the real numbers are defined as infinite decimals. After defining an ordering relation and the arithmetic operations, it is shown that the set of real numbers is a complete ordered field. It is further shown that…
Some aspects of the development of physics and the mathematics set one think about relation between complex numbers and reality around us. If number to spot as the relation of two quantities, from the fact of existence of complex numbers…
We classify derived-discrete algebras over the real numbers up to Morita equivalence, using the classification of complex derived-discrete algebras in [{\sc D. Vossieck}, {\em The algebras with discrete derived category}, J. Algebra {\bf…
In order to prove irrationality of \sqrt{2} by using only decimal expansions (and not fractions), we develop in detail a model of real numbers based on infinite decimals and arithmetic operations with them.
It is not commonly realized that the algebra of complex numbers can be used in an elegant way to represent the images of ordinary 3-dimensional figures, orthographically projected to the plane. We describe these ideas here, both using…
Treating divergent series properly has been an ongoing issue in mathematics. However, many of the problems in divergent series stem from the fact that divergent series were discovered prior to having a number system which could handle them.…
We contemplate the notion of ambiguity in mathematical discourse. We consider a general method of resolving ambiguity and semantic options for sustaining a resolution. The general discussion is applied to the case of `fraction' which is…
Contrary to popular misconception, the question in the title is far from simple. It involves sets of numbers on the first level, sets of sets of numbers on the second level, and so on, endlessly. The infinite hierarchy of the levels…
The multiplicative theory of a set of numbers (which could be natural, integer, rational, real or complex numbers) is the first-order theory of the structure of that set with (solely) the multiplication operation (that set is taken to be…
The continued fraction expansion of an irrational number $\alpha$ is eventually periodic if and only if $\alpha$ is a quadratic irrationality. However, very little is known regarding the size of the partial quotients of algebraic real…
This paper focuses on greedy expansions, one possible representation of numbers, and on arithmetical operations with them. Performing addition or multiplication some additional digits can appear. We study bounds on the number of such digits…
In this paper, we define an ordering relation for a set of complex numbers, and research the properties and theorems of the ordering, solve some simple complex inequalities with the ordering.
Natural numbers from 0 to 11111 are written in terms of 1 to 9 in two different ways. The first one in increasing order of 1 to 9, and the second one in decreasing order. This is done by using the operations of addition, multiplication,…
A new simple geometrical interpretation of complex numbers is presented. It differs from their usual interpretation as points in the complex plane. From the new point of view the complex numbers are rather operations on vectors than points.…
Is it possible to distinguish algebraic from transcendental real numbers by considering the $b$-ary expansion in some base $b\ge2$? In 1950, \'E. Borel suggested that the answer is no and that for any real irrational algebraic number $x$…
The roots of -1 in the set of biquaternions (quaternions with complex components, or complex numbers with quaternion real and imaginary parts) are studied and it is shown that there is an infinite number of non-trivial complexified…
In this work we study the space complexity of computable real numbers represented by fast convergent Cauchy sequences. We show the existence of families of trascendental numbers which are logspace computable, as opposed to algebraic…