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We describe random processes (with binary alphabet) whose entropy is less than 1 (per letter), but they mimic true random process, i.e., by definition, generated sequence can be interpreted as the result of the flips of a fair coin with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Boris Ryabko

We study the probability that the product of two randomly chosen elements in a finite ring $R$ is equal to some fixed element $x \in R$. We calculate this probability for semisimple rings and some special classes of local rings, and find…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-18 David Dolžan

The usefulness of generating random configurations is recognized in many areas of knowledge. Fortran was born for scientific computing and has been one of the main programming languages in this area since then. And several ongoing projects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-15 Jonas Maziero

We demonstrate the connection between an operator's matrix element distribution and entangling power via numerical simulations of random, pseudo-random, and quantum chaotic operators. Creating operators with a random distribution of matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yaakov S. Weinstein , C. Stephen Hellberg

The question of the generation of random mixed states is discussed, aiming for the computation of probabilistic characteristics of composite finite dimensional quantum systems. Particularly, we consider the generation of the random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Arsen Khvedelidze , Ilia Rogojin

A causal set is a partially ordered set on a countably infinite ground-set such that each element is above finitely many others. A natural extension of a causal set is an enumeration of its elements which respects the order. We bring…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-09-22 Graham Brightwell , Malwina Luczak

Certain families of combinatorial objects admit recursive descriptions in terms of generating trees: each node of the tree corresponds to an object, and the branch leading to the node encodes the choices made in the construction of the…

An ensemble of random unistochastic (orthostochastic) matrices is defined by taking squared moduli of elements of random unitary (orthogonal) matrices distributed according to the Haar measure on U(N) (or O(N), respectively). An ensemble of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 K. Zyczkowski , W. Slomczynski , M. Kus , H. -J. Sommers

We investigate meandric systems with a large number of loops using tools inspired by free probability. For any fixed integer $r$, we express the generating function of meandric systems on $2n$ points with $n-r$ loops in terms of a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Motohisa Fukuda , Ion Nechita

We propose a new method for the calculation of the statistical properties, as e.g. the entropy, of unknown generators of symbolic sequences. The probability distribution $p(k)$ of the elements $k$ of a population can be approximated by the…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-28 Thorsten Pöschel , Werner Ebeling , Helge Rosé

We find precise asymptotic estimates for the number of planar maps and graphs with a condition on the minimum degree, and properties of random graphs from these classes. In particular we show that the size of the largest tree attached to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Marc Noy , Lander Ramos

Composed ensembles of random unitary matrices are defined via products of matrices, each pertaining to a given canonical circular ensemble of Dyson. We investigate statistical properties of spectra of some composed ensembles and demonstrate…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-30 Marcin Pozniak , Karol Zyczkowski , Marek Kus

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

Probability functions appear in constraints of many optimization problems in practice and have become quite popular. Understanding their first-order properties has proven useful, not only theoretically but also in implementable algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-21 Wim van Ackooij , Pedro Pérez-Aros , Claudia Soto

We consider a random link, which is defined as the closure of a braid obtained from a random walk on the braid group. For such a random link, the expected value for the number of components was calculated by Jiming Ma. In this paper, we…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Kazuhiro Ichihara , Ken-ichi Yoshida

We show how to find a minimum loop cutset in a Bayesian network with high probability. Finding such a loop cutset is the first step in Pearl's method of conditioning for inference. Our random algorithm for finding a loop cutset, called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Ann Becker , Reuven Bar-Yehuada , Dan Geiger

The various finiteness conditions in commutative Moufang loops are characterized using the notions of centralizer of subloops and centralizer of subgroups of its multiplication group.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-04-25 Aliona Babiy , Nicolae Sandu

The main result presented in this article is that probability can fundamentally be characterized as a subset of conditional expectation induced by a plausible preorder on random quantities. This is justified by the fact that probability is…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Ladislav Mečíř

We study a randomized quadrature algorithm to approximate the integral of periodic functions defined over the high-dimensional unit cube. Recent work by Kritzer, Kuo, Nuyens and Ullrich (2019) shows that rank-1 lattice rules with a randomly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Josef Dick , Takashi Goda , Kosuke Suzuki

Martin-Lof's definition of random sequences of cbits as those not belonging to any set of constructive zero Lebesgue measure is reformulated in the language of Algebraic Probability Theory. The adoption of the Pour-El Richards theory of…

chao-dyn · Physics 2007-05-23 Gavriel Segre