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Related papers: Comment: Causal Inference in the Medical Area

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Causal inference is often portrayed as fundamentally distinct from predictive modeling, with its own terminology, goals, and intellectual challenges. But at its core, causal inference is simply a structured instance of prediction under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Carlos Fernández-Loría

Causal inference is a study of causal relationships between events and the statistical study of inferring these relationships through interventions and other statistical techniques. Causal reasoning is any line of work toward determining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Patrick Chadbourne , Nasir Eisty

Causality and causal inference have emerged as core research areas at the interface of modern statistics and domains including biomedical sciences, social sciences, computer science, and beyond. The field's inherently interdisciplinary…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Carlos Cinelli , Avi Feller , Guido Imbens , Edward Kennedy , Sara Magliacane , Jose Zubizarreta

Causal inference has recently garnered significant interest among recommender system (RS) researchers due to its ability to dissect cause-and-effect relationships and its broad applicability across multiple fields. It offers a framework to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Huishi Luo , Fuzhen Zhuang , Ruobing Xie , Hengshu Zhu , Deqing Wang , Zhulin An , Yongjun Xu

Causal inference plays an important role in explanatory analysis and decision making across various fields like statistics, marketing, health care, and education. Its main task is to estimate treatment effects and make intervention…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-22 Yingrong Wang , Haoxuan Li , Minqin Zhu , Anpeng Wu , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

This paper introduces a causation coefficient which is defined in terms of probabilistic causal models. This coefficient is suggested as the natural causal analogue of the Pearson correlation coefficient and permits comparing causation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-18 Joshua Brulé

We propose a definition of causality for time series in terms of the effect of an intervention in one component of a multivariate time series on another component at some later point in time. Conditions for identifiability, comparable to…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-06-26 Michael Eichler , Vanessa Didelez

The possibility of non-causal signal propagation is examined for various theories of dense matter. This investigation requires a discussion of definitions of causality, together with interpretations of spacetime position. Specific examples…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 B. D. Keister , W. N. Polyzou

We describe the interface between measure theoretic probability and causal inference by constructing causal models on probability spaces within the potential outcomes framework. We find that measure theory provides a precise and instructive…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Irineo Cabreros , John D. Storey

Causal inference, estimating causal effects from observational data, is a fundamental tool in many disciplines. Of particular importance across a variety of domains is the continuous treatment setting, where the variable of intervention has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Christopher Stith , Medha Barath , Vahid Balazadeh , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rahul G. Krishnan

Many events and policies (treatments) occur at specific spatial locations, with researchers interested in their effects on nearby units. I approach the spatial treatment setting from an experimental perspective: What ideal experiment would…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-27 Michael Pollmann

Causal machine learning (CML) has experienced increasing popularity in healthcare. Beyond the inherent capabilities of adding domain knowledge into learning systems, CML provides a complete toolset for investigating how a system would react…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Pedro Sanchez , Jeremy P. Voisey , Tian Xia , Hannah I. Watson , Alison Q. ONeil , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

We describe and contrast two distinct problem areas for statistical causality: studying the likely effects of an intervention ("effects of causes"), and studying whether there is a causal link between the observed exposure and outcome in an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-02 A. Philip Dawid , Monica Musio

Causal inference is the process of estimating the effect or impact of a treatment on an outcome with other covariates as potential confounders (and mediators) that may need to be controlled. The vast majority of existing methods and systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Arun S. Maiya

Causal Learning has emerged as a major theme of research in statistics and machine learning in recent years, promising specific computational techniques to apply to datasets that reveal the true nature of cause and effect in a number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Leonardo Christov Moore , Gustav Sir , Martin Krutsky

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

Withdrawn due to error. See D. Lowe, L. Susskind and J. Uglum, hep-th/9402136, for correct treatment. Apologies to all recipients.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 David A. Lowe

We extend the definition of the marginal causal effect to the continuous treatment setting and develop a novel characterization of causal bias in the framework of structural causal models. We prove that our derived bias expression is zero…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-01 Gianluca Detommaso , Michael Brückner , Philip Schulz , Victor Chernozhukov

The paper reviews methods that seek to draw causal inference from observational data and demonstrates how they can be applied to empirical problems in engineering research. It presents a framework for causal identification based on the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-28 Daniel J Graham

This article provides an introduction to the Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, and its application to empirical research in the medical sciences. While the main focus of this article is on causal interpretation, key concepts of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-07 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik