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We define a homology theory of virtual links built out of the direct sum of the standard Khovanov complex with itself, motivating the name doubled Khovanov homology. We demonstrate that it can be used to show that some virtual links are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-15 William Rushworth

The Jones polynomial and Khovanov homology of a classical link are invariants that depend upon an initial choice of orientation for the link. In this paper, we give a Khovanov homology theory for unoriented virtual links. The graded Euler…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Scott Baldridge , Louis H. Kauffman , Ben McCarty

We define additional gradings on two generalisations of Khovanov homology (one due to the first author, the other due to the second), and use them to define invariants of various kinds of embeddings. These include invariants of links in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Vassily Olegovich Manturov , William Rushworth

Twisted diagrams are "diagrams" with components in different categories. Structure maps are defined using auxiliary data which consists of functors relating the various categories to each other. Prime examples of the construction are…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2008-05-28 Thomas Huettemann , Oliver Roendigs

The purpose of this paper is to construct and study equivariant Khovanov homology - a version of Khovanov homology theory for periodic links. Since our construction works regardless of the characteristic of the coefficient ring it…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Wojciech Politarczyk

We show that Khovanov homology and Hochschild homology theories share common structure. In fact they overlap: Khovanov homology of a $(2,n)$-torus link can be interpreted as a Hochschild homology of the algebra underlining the Khovanov…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jozef H. Przytycki

We modify the definition of the Khovanov complex for oriented links in a thickening of an oriented surface to obtain a triply graded homological link invariant with a new homotopical grading.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-01-21 Vassily Olegovich Manturov , Igor Nikonov

The main goal of the present paper is to construct new invariants of knots with additional structure by adding new gradings to the Khovanov complex. The ideas given below work in the case of virtual knots, closed braids and some other cases…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-10-22 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

Link homology theories (such as knot Floer homology and Khovanov homology) have become indispensable tools for studying knots and links, including powerful 4-dimensional obstructions. These notes, based on lectures given at the 2024 Georgia…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Kyle Hayden

From the very beginning the Khovanov homology appears to be one of the most important invariant of knots; for computational and theoretical reasons it would be useful to operate with reduced version of it - nevertheless the definition given…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Wojciech Lubawski

Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Louis H. Kauffman

Khovanov homology of a link and chromatic graph homology are known to be isomorphic in a range of homological gradings that depend on the girth of a graph. We discuss patterns shared by these two homology theories. In particular, we improve…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Radmila Sazdanovic , Daniel Scofield

Khovanov homology is an invariant for links in the three sphere that categorizes the Jones polynomial. We extend Khovanov's construction to links in 3-manifolds that are connected sums of orientable interval bundles over surfaces. Cutting…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Alan Du

In the present paper, we discuss a way of generalising Vassiliev knot invariants and weight systems to framed chord diagrams having framing 0 and 1.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

The present paper is a review of the current state of Graph-Link Theory (graph-links are also closely related to homotopy classes of looped interlacement graphs), dealing with a generalisation of knots obtained by translating the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-01-05 Denis Petrovich Ilyutko , Vassily Olegovich Manturov

We consider several classes of knotted objects, namely usual, virtual and welded pure braids and string links, and two equivalence relations on those objects, induced by either self-crossing changes or self-virtualizations. We provide a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-30 Benjamin Audoux , Paolo Bellingeri , Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Emmanuel Wagner

We define a variation of Khovanov homology with an explicit description in terms of the spanning trees of a link projection. We prove that this new theory is a link invariant and describe some of its properties. Finally, we provide some the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Lawrence Roberts

We introduce an equivalence relation, called stable equivalence, on knot diagrams and closed curves on surfaces. We give bijections between the set of abstract knots, the set of virtual knots, and the set of the stable equivalence classes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Seiichi Kamada , Masahico Saito

We define a variant of Khovanov homology for links in thickened disks with multiple punctures. This theory is distinct from the one previously defined by Asaeda, Przytycki, and Sikora, but is related to it by a spectral sequence.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Zachary Winkeler

We determine the algebraic structure underlying the geometric complex associated to a link in Bar-Natan's geometric formalism of Khovanov's link homology theory (n=2). We find an isomorphism of complexes which reduces the complex to one in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-05-21 Gad Naot