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We present a general nonparametric approach for testing whether a statistical parameter defined through conditional distributions is constant across the conditioning variables. Such hypotheses arise naturally in problems such as assessing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-23 Albert Osom , Ali Shojaie , Aaron Hudson

We study the estimation of peer effects through social networks when researchers do not observe the entire network structure. Special cases include sampled networks, censored networks, and misclassified links. We assume that researchers can…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-11 Vincent Boucher , Aristide Houndetoungan

The estimation of the potential impact fraction (including the population attributable fraction) with continuous exposure data frequently relies on strong distributional assumptions. However, these assumptions are often violated if the…

In this paper we propose a nonparametric graphical test based on optimal matching, for assessing the equality of multiple unknown multivariate probability distributions. Our procedure pools the data from the different classes to create a…

This paper is concerned with estimation and inference for ultrahigh dimensional partially linear single-index models. The presence of high dimensional nuisance parameter and nuisance unknown function makes the estimation and inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-09 Shijie Cui , Xu Guo , Zhe Zhang

Consider discrete values of functions shifted by unobserved translation effects, which are independent realizations of a random variable with unknown distribution $\mu$, modeling the variability in the response of each individual. Our aim…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Ismael Castillo , Jean-Michel Loubes

A test of the null hypothesis that a hazard rate is monotone nondecreasing, versus the alternative that it is not, is proposed. Both the test statistic and the means of calibrating it are new. Unlike previous approaches, neither is based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Peter Hall , Ingrid Van Keilegom

In this paper we study covariance estimation with missing data. We consider missing data mechanisms that can be independent of the data, or have a time varying dependency. Additionally, observed variables may have arbitrary (non uniform)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega

By restricting the possible values of the proportion of null hypotheses that are true, the local false discovery rate (LFDR) can be estimated using as few as one comparison. The proportion of proteins with equivalent abundance was estimated…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-05-13 David R. Bickel

The negative multinomial distribution is a multivariate generalization of the negative binomial distribution. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating an unknown matrix of probabilities on the basis of observations of negative…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Yasuyuki Hamura , Tatsuya Kubokawa

In causal inference, an important problem is to quantify the effects of interventions or treatments. Many studies focus on estimating the mean causal effects; however, these estimands may offer limited insight since two distributions can…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Archer Gong Zhang , Nancy Reid , Qiang Sun

Matching a nonprobability sample to a probability sample is one strategy both for selecting the nonprobability units and for weighting them. This approach has been employed in the past to select subsamples of persons from a large panel of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-03 Zhan Liu , Richard Valliant

Qualitative interactions occur when a treatment effect or measure of association varies in sign by sub-population. Of particular interest in many biomedical settings are absence/presence qualitative interactions, which occur when an effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-20 Aaron Hudson , Ali Shojaie

Estimation of mutual information between (multidimensional) real-valued variables is used in analysis of complex systems, biological systems, and recently also quantum systems. This estimation is a hard problem, and universally good…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-14 Caroline M. Holmes , Ilya Nemenman

How should social scientists understand and communicate the uncertainty of statistically estimated causal effects? I propose we utilize the posterior distribution of a causal effect and present the probability of the effect being greater…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-15 Akisato Suzuki

Cross-sectional incidence estimation based on recency testing has become a widely used tool in HIV research. Recently, this method has gained prominence in HIV prevention trials to estimate the "placebo" incidence that participants might…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-18 Jianan Pan , Marlena Bannick , Fei Gao

Measurement error is a common challenge for causal inference studies using electronic health record (EHR) data, where clinical outcomes and treatments are frequently mismeasured. Researchers often address measurement error by conducting…

Researchers are often interested in evaluating the impact of a policy on the entire (or specific parts of the) distribution of the outcome of interest. In this paper, I provide a method to recover the whole distribution of the untreated…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-22 Andrea Ciaccio

Missing exposure information is a very common feature of many observational studies. Here we study identifiability and efficient estimation of causal effects on vector outcomes, in such cases where treatment is unconfounded but partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-04 Edward H. Kennedy

The Negative Binomial distribution becomes highly skewed under extreme dispersion. Even at moderately large sample sizes, the sample mean exhibits a heavy right tail. The standard Normal approximation often does not provide adequate…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-13 David Shilane , Derek Bean