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The $k$-Opt algorithm is a local search algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem. Starting with an initial tour, it iteratively replaces at most $k$ edges in the tour with the same number of edges to obtain a better tour. Krentel (FOCS…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Sophia Heimann , Hung P. Hoang , Stefan Hougardy

The 2-Opt heuristic is a simple improvement heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem. It starts with an arbitrary tour and then repeatedly replaces two edges of the tour by two other edges, as long as this yields a shorter tour. We will…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ulrich A. Brodowsky , Stefan Hougardy

The BKK theorem states that the mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of a system of polynomial equations upper bounds the number of isolated torus solutions of the system. Homotopy continuation solvers make use of this fact to pick…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Christopher Borger , Thomas Kahle , Andreas Kretschmer , Sebastian Sager , Jonas Schulze

We consider the linearization problem associated with the quadratic traveling salesman problem (QTSP). Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a cost matrix $Q$ of QTSP to be linearizable. It is shown that these conditions can be…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Abraham P. Punnen , Matthias Walter , Brad D. Woods

This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

In this paper we present a variational algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that combines (i) a compact encoding of permutations, which reduces the qubit requirement too, (ii) an optimize-freeze-reuse strategy: where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Fabrizio Fagiolo , Nicolò Vescera

We study the problem of finding a tour of $n$ points in which every edge is long. More precisely, we wish to find a tour that visits every point exactly once, maximizing the length of the shortest edge in the tour. The problem is known as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-29 László Kozma , Tobias Mömke

We present a map from the travelling salesman problem (TSP), a prototypical NP-complete combinatorial optimisation task, to the ground state associated with a system of many-qudits. Conventionally, the TSP is cast into a quadratic…

We solve a 20-year old problem posed by Yannakakis and prove that there exists no polynomial-size linear program (LP) whose associated polytope projects to the traveling salesman polytope, even if the LP is not required to be symmetric.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-16 Samuel Fiorini , Serge Massar , Sebastian Pokutta , Hans Raj Tiwary , Ronald de Wolf

We present novel path-slicing strategies integrated with quantum local search to optimize solutions for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), addressing the limitations of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Chen-Yu Liu , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-hao Huang , Yu Yamashiro

This paper has been merged into 1110.4604.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-10-31 Hyung-Chan An , David B. Shmoys

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a decision-making problem that is essential for a number of practical applications. Today, this problem is solved on digital computers exploiting Boolean-type architecture by checking one by one a number…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-02-13 Mykhaylo Balinskiy , Alexander Khitun

Let P be a random $d$-dimensional 0/1-polytope with $n(d)$ vertices, and denote by $\phi_k(P)$ the \emph{$k$-face density} of $P$, i.e., the quotient of the number of $k$-dimensional faces of $P$ and $\binom{n(d)}{k+1}$. For each $k\ge 2$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Volker Kaibel

The cutting plane method is an augmentative constrained optimization procedure that is often used with continuous-domain optimization techniques such as linear and convex programs. We investigate the viability of a similar idea within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-21 Siamak Ravanbakhsh , Reihaneh Rabbany , Russell Greiner

$\renewcommand{\Re}{\mathbb{R}}\newcommand{\eps}{{\varepsilon}}\newcommand{\poly}{\mathrm{poly}} $In this paper, we study the problem of $L_1$-fitting a shape to a set of $n$ points in $\Re^d$ (where $d$ is a fixed constant), where the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sariel Har-Peled

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic and extensively studied problem with numerous real-world applications in artificial intelligence and operations research. It is well-known that TSP admits a constant approximation ratio on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jingyang Zhao , Zimo Sheng , Mingyu Xiao

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

We consider the {\em Shaped Partition Problem} of partitioning $n$ given vectors in real $k$-space into $p$ parts so as to maximize an arbitrary objective function which is convex on the sum of vectors in each part, subject to arbitrary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Frank K. Hwang , Shmuel Onn , Uriel G. Rothblum

Polytopes are the basic finite data structures for convex sets: they appear as feasible regions in linear optimization, as geometric summaries in algorithms, and as random objects in stochastic geometry. A natural geometric question is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Steven Hoehner

We design an algorithm to compute the Newton polytope of the resultant, known as resultant polytope, or its orthogonal projection along a given direction. The resultant is fundamental in algebraic elimination, optimization, and geometric…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2013-04-26 Ioannis Z. Emiris , Vissarion Fisikopoulos , Christos Konaxis , Luis Peñaranda