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Related papers: Restricted Motzkin permutations, Motzkin paths, co…

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We define a map between the set of permutations that avoid either the four patterns $3214,3241,4213,4231$ or $3124,3142,4123,4132$, and the set of Dyck prefixes. This map, when restricted to either of the two classes, turns out to be a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-10 Marilena Barnabei , Flavio Bonetti , Matteo Silimbani

Vincular and covincular patterns are generalizations of classical patterns allowing restrictions on the indices and values of the occurrences in a permutation. In this paper we study the integer sequences arising as the enumerations of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Christian Bean , Anders Claesson , Henning Ulfarsson

We consider a random permutation drawn from the set of permutations of length $n$ that avoid some given set of patterns of length 3. We show that the number of occurrences of another pattern $\sigma$ has a limit distribution, after suitable…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Svante Janson

We study the lengths of monotone subsequences for permutations drawn from the Mallows measure. The Mallows measure was introduced by Mallows in connection with ranking problems in statistics. Under this measure, the probability of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-29 Riddhipratim Basu , Nayantara Bhatnagar

We consider a random permutation drawn from the set of 321-avoiding permutations of length $n$ and show that the number of occurrences of another pattern $\sigma$ has a limit distribution, after scaling by $n^{m+\ell}$ where $m$ is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Svante Janson

Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Atli Fannar Franklín , Anders Claesson , Christian Bean , Henning Úlfarsson , Jay Pantone

Motivated by the concept of partial words, we introduce an analogous concept of partial permutations. A partial permutation of length n with k holes is a sequence of symbols $\pi = \pi_1\pi_2 ... \pi_n$ in which each of the symbols from the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Anders Claesson , Vit Jelinek , Eva Jelinkova , Sergey Kitaev

We improve the lower bound on the number of permutations of {1,2,...,n} in which no 3-term arithmetic progression occurs as a subsequence, and derive lower bounds on the upper and lower densities of subsets of the positive integers that can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-04-13 Timothy D. LeSaulnier , Sujith Vijay

A set $S$ of permutations is forcing if for any sequence $\{\Pi_i\}_{i \in \mathbb{N}}$ of permutations where the density $d(\pi,\Pi_i)$ converges to $\frac{1}{|\pi|!}$ for every permutation $\pi \in S$, it holds that $\{\Pi_i\}_{i \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Martin Kurecka

Let $\{X(v), v \in \Bbb Z^d \times \Bbb Z_+\}$ be an i.i.d. family of random variables such that $P\{X(v)= e^b\}=1-P\{X(v)= 1\} = p$ for some $b>0$. We consider paths $\pi \subset \Bbb Z^d \times \Bbb Z_+$ starting at the origin and with…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-26 Harry Kesten , Vladas Sidoravicius

We extend the concept of pattern avoidance in permutations on a totally ordered set to pattern avoidance in permutations on partially ordered sets. The number of permutations on $P$ that avoid the pattern $\pi$ is denoted $Av_P(\pi)$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Sam Hopkins , Morgan Weiler

By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Alex Jin , Shreyas Singh , Zhuo Zhang , AJ Hildebrand

Motzkin paths consist of up-steps, down-steps, level-steps, and never go below the $x$-axis. They return to the $x$-axis at the end. The concept of skew Dyck path \cite{Deutsch-italy} is transferred to skew Motzkin paths, namely, a left…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-08 Helmut Prodinger

In a previous work, B\'ona and Pantone studied permutations that avoided all but one pattern of length $k$ that began with a length $k-1$ increasing subsequence. We draw the connection between that idea and distant patterns, first discussed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Nicholas Van Nimwegen

We initiate the study of limit shapes for random permutations avoiding a given pattern. Specifically, for patterns of length 3, we obtain delicate results on the asymptotics of distributions of positions of numbers in the permutations. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Sam Miner , Igor Pak

Motzkin paths are simple yet important combinatorial objects. In this paper, we consider families of Motzkin paths with restrictions on peak heights, valley heights, upward-run lengths, downward-run lengths, and flat-run lengths. This paper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-07 AJ Bu

In the first paper in this series we estimated the probability that a random permutation $\pi\in\mathcal{S}_n$ has a fixed set of a given size. In this paper, we elaborate on the same method to estimate the probability that $\pi$ has $m$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Sean Eberhard , Kevin Ford , Dimitris Koukoulopoulos

We prove that the number of permutations which avoid 132-patterns and have exactly one 123-pattern equals (n-2)2^(n-3). We then give a bijection onto the set of permutations which avoid 123-patterns and have exactly one 132-pattern.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aaron Robertson

Permutations of the positive integers avoiding arithmetic progressions of length $5$ were constructed in (Davis et al, 1977), implying the existence of permutations of the integers avoiding arithmetic progressions of length $7$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Jesse Geneson

Recall that a Stirling permutation is a permutation on the multiset $\{1,1,2,2,\ldots,n,n\}$ such that any numbers appearing between repeated values of $i$ must be greater than $i$. We call a Stirling permutation ``flattened'' if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Adam Buck , Jennifer Elder , Azia A. Figueroa , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Anthony Simpson