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We count the number of occurrences of restricted patterns of length 3 in permutations with respect to length and the number of cycles. The main tool is a bijection between permutations in standard cycle form and weighted Motzkin paths.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robert Parviainen

Dyck paths having height at most $h$ and without valleys at height $h-1$ are combinatorially interpreted by means of 312-avoding permutations with some restrictions on their \emph{left-to-right maxima}. The results are obtained by analyzing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-07 Elena Barcucci , Antonio Bernini , Stefano Bilotta , Renzo Pinzani

There is a deep connection between permutations and trees. Certain sub-structures of permutations, called sub-permutations, bijectively map to sub-trees of binary increasing trees. This opens a powerful tool set to study enumerative and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Filippo Disanto , Thomas Wiehe

We present a new approach to the problem of enumerating permutations of length n that avoid a fixed consecutive pattern of length m. We use this idea to give explicit upper and lower bounds on the number of permutations avoiding a pattern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-29 Guillem Perarnau

A permutation is called Grassmannian if it has at most one descent. The study of pattern avoidance in such permutations was initiated by Gil and Tomasko in 2021. We continue this work by studying Grassmannian permutations that avoid an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Krishna Menon , Anurag Singh

We consider avoidance of permutation patterns with designated gap sizes between pairs of consecutive letters. We call the patterns having such constraints distant patterns (DPs) and we show their relation to other pattern notions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-24 Stoyan Dimitrov

We show that permutations of size $n$ avoiding both of the dashed patterns 32-41 and 41-32 are equinumerous with indecomposable set partitions of size $n+1$, and deduce a related result.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-09 David Callan

There are (at least) three bijections from Dyck paths to 321-avoiding permutations in the literature, due to Billey-Jockusch-Stanley, Krattenthaler, and Mansour-Deng-Du. How different are they? Denoting them B,K,M respectively, we show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-11-20 David Callan

Extending the notion of pattern avoidance in permutations, we study matchings and set partitions whose arc diagram representation avoids a given configuration of three arcs. These configurations, which generalize 3-crossings and 3-nestings,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-16 Jonathan Bloom , Sergi Elizalde

The number of 123-avoiding permutation on $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ with a fixed leading terms is counted by the ballot numbers. The same holds for $132$-avoiding permutations. These results were proved by Miner and Pak using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Ömer Eğecioğlu , Collier Gaiser , Mei Yin

We enumerate permutations that avoid all but one of the $k$ patterns of length $k$ starting with a monotone increasing subsequence of length $k-1$. We compare the size of such permutation classes to the size of the class of permutations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-23 Miklós Bóna , Jay Pantone

We enumerate and characterize some classes of alternating and reverse alternating involutions avoiding a single pattern of length three or four. If on one hand the case of patterns of length three is trivial, on the other hand, the length…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Marilena Barnabei , Flavio Bonetti , Niccolò Castronuovo , Matteo Silimbani

We define a class L_{n, k} of permutations that generalizes alternating (up-down) permutations and give bijective proofs of certain pattern-avoidance results for this class. As a special case of our results, we give two bijections between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Joel Brewster Lewis

A permutation is (1-23-4)-avoiding if it contains no four entries, increasing left to right, with the middle two adjacent in the permutation. Here we give a 2-variable recurrence for the number of such permutations, improving on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-16 David Callan

We find bijections on 2-distant noncrossing partitions, 12312-avoiding partitions, 3-Motzkin paths, UH-free Schr{\"o}der paths and Schr{\"o}der paths without peaks at even height. We also give a direct bijection between 2-distant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-30 Jang Soo Kim

Non-crossing and non-nesting permutations are variations of the well-known Stirling permutations. A permutation $\pi$ on $\{1,1,2,2,\ldots, n,n\}$ is called non-crossing if it avoids the crossing patterns $\{1212,2121\}$ and is called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Kassie Archer , Robert P. Laudone

Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Atli Fannar Franklín , Anders Claesson , Christian Bean , Henning Úlfarsson , Jay Pantone

We study the descent distribution over the set of centrosymmetric permutations that avoid the pattern of length 3. Our main tool in the most puzzling case, namely, $\tau=123$ and $n$ even, is a bijection that associates a Dyck prefix of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-14 Marilena Barnabei , Flavio Bonetti , Matteo Silimbani

We give some results about a bijection associating each permutation with a subexcedant function. This function is related to a particular decomposition of the permutation as a product of transpositions and therefore it has been called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-17 Fufa Beyene , Roberto Mantaci

We initiate the study of limit shapes for random permutations avoiding a given pattern. Specifically, for patterns of length 3, we obtain delicate results on the asymptotics of distributions of positions of numbers in the permutations. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Sam Miner , Igor Pak