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We consider additive functionals $X_n(\phi)$ with small toll functions on split trees and a generalization of split trees, which we call fractional split trees, where the split vector does not need to sum up to 1. These additive functionals…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Cecilia Holmgren , Jasper Ischebeck , Svante Janson

Let G be a graph with vertex set {1,...,n}. A spanning forest F of G is increasing if the sequence of labels on any path starting at the minimum vertex of a tree of F form an increasing sequence. Hallam and Sagan showed that the generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Joshua Hallam , Jeremy L. Martin , Bruce E. Sagan

The purpose of this article is twofold. On one hand, we reveal the equivalence of shift of finite type between a one-sided shift $X$ and its associated hom tree-shift $\mathcal{T}_{X}$, as well as the equivalence in the sofic shift. On the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Jung-Chao Ban , Chih-Hung Chang , Wen-Guei Hu , Guan-Yu Lai , Yu-Liang Wu

We study the polynomial approximation of symmetric multivariate functions and of multi-set functions. Specifically, we consider $f(x_1, \dots, x_N)$, where $x_i \in \mathbb{R}^d$, and $f$ is invariant under permutations of its $N$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-06 Markus Bachmayr , Geneviève Dusson , Christoph Ortner , Jack Thomas

An (h,s,t)-representation of a graph G consists of a collection of subtrees of a tree T, where each subtree corresponds to a vertex of G such that (i) the maximum degree of T is at most h, (ii) every subtree has maximum degree at mots s,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-15 Liliana Alcón , Marisa Gutierrez , María Pía Mazzoleni

Let $r$ be a positive integer and $G$ be a graph. The list $r$-hued chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{L,r}(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$, such that for each $k$-list $L$ of $G$, $G$ has an $(L,r)$-coloring. It is proved in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Yu Miao , Fengxia Liu

We define vertex-colourings for edge-partitioned digraphs, which unify the theory of P-partitions and proper vertex-colourings of graphs. We use our vertex-colourings to define generalized chromatic functions, which merge the chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Farid Aliniaeifard , Shu Xiao Li , Stephanie van Willigenburg

We develop a quasisymmetric analogue of the combinatorial theory of Schubert polynomials and the associated divided difference operators. Our counterparts are "forest polynomials", and a new family of linear operators, whose theory of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Philippe Nadeau , Hunter Spink , Vasu Tewari

Recently, using machinery's from Ergodic theory, Z. Lian, and R. Xiao proved if $P$ is any polynomial with no constant term, then for every finite coloring of $\mathbb{N}$, there exists two infinite subsets $B,C$ of $\mathbb{N}$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Sayan Goswami

In recent years we have worked on a project involving poset topology, various analogues of Eulerian polynomials, and a refinement of Richard Stanley's chromatic symmetric function. Here we discuss how Stanley's ideas and results have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-15 John Shareshian , Michelle L. Wachs

A b-coloring of a graph is a proper coloring such that every color class contains a vertex that is adjacent to all other color classes. The b-chromatic number of a graph G, denoted by \chi_b(G), is the maximum number t such that G admits a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Flavia Bonomo , Oliver Schaudt , Maya Stein , Mario Valencia-Pabon

Given a tree $T$ of height $\omega_1$, we say that a ladder system colouring $(f_\alpha)_{\alpha\in \lim\omega_1}$ has a $T$-uniformization if there is a function $\varphi$ defined on a subtree $S$ of $T$ so that for any $s\in S_\alpha$ of…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-01-07 Dániel T. Soukup

We investigate which graphs H have the property that in every graph with bounded clique number and sufficiently large chromatic number, some induced subgraph is isomorphic to a subdivision of H. In an earlier paper, one of us proved that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

We focus on two specific generalizations of the chromatic symmetric function: one involving universal graphs and the other concerning vertex-weighted graphs. In this paper, we introduce a unified generalization that incorporates both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Yosuke Sato

The chromatic polynomial of a graph $G$, denoted $P(G,m)$, is equal to the number of proper $m$-colorings of $G$ for each $m \in \mathbb{N}$. In 1990, Kostochka and Sidorenko introduced the list color function of graph $G$, denoted…

After the discovery of Khovanov homology, which categorifies the Jones polynomial, an analogous categorification of the chromatic polynomial, known as chromatic homology, was introduced. Its graded Euler characteristic recovers the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Aninda Banerjee , Apratim Chakraborty , Swarup Kumar Das , Pravakar Paul

We show that no tree on twenty vertices with maximum degree ten has Schur positive chromatic symmetric function, thereby providing a counterexample to a conjecture from the paper "Schur and e-positivity of trees and cut vertices".

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Emmanuella Sandratra Rambeloson , John Shareshian

We introduce the tree distance, a new distance measure on graphs. The tree distance can be computed in polynomial time with standard methods from convex optimization. It is based on the notion of fractional isomorphism, a characterization…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Jan Böker

In this work, we generalize and utilize the linear relations of LLT polynomials introduced by Lee \cite{Lee}. By using the fact that the chromatic quasisymmetric functions and the unicellular LLT polynomials are related via plethystic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-11 JiSun Huh , Sun-Young Nam , Meesue Yoo

The chromatic quasisymmetric function of a graph was introduced by Shareshian and Wachs as a refinement of Stanley's chromatic symmetric function. An explicit combinatorial formula, conjectured by Shareshian and Wachs, expressing the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Christos A. Athanasiadis