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The forcing theorem is the most fundamental result about set forcing, stating that the forcing relation for any set forcing is definable and that the truth lemma holds, that is everything that holds in a generic extension is forced by a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Peter Holy , Regula Krapf , Philipp Lücke , Ana Njegomir , Philipp Schlicht

The forcing method is a powerful tool to prove the consistency of set-theoretic assertions relative to the consistency of the axioms of set theory. Laver's theorem and Bukovsk\'y's theorem assert that set-generic extensions of a given…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Sy David Friedman , Sakaé Fuchino , Hiroshi Sakai

According to a theorem due to Kenneth Kunen, under ZFC, there is no ordinal $\lambda$ and non-trivial elementary embedding $j:V_{\lambda+2}\to V_{\lambda+2}$. His proof relied on the Axiom of Choice (AC), and no proof from ZF alone has been…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Farmer Schlutzenberg

We present three natural combinatorial properties for class forcing notions, which imply the forcing theorem to hold. We then show that all known sufficent conditions for the forcing theorem (except for the forcing theorem itself),…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Peter Holy , Regula Krapf , Philipp Schlicht

I introduce a new family of axioms extending ZFC set theory, the $\Sigma_n$-correct forcing axioms. These assert roughly that whenever a forcing name $\dot{a}$ can be forced by a poset in some forcing class $\Gamma$ to have some $\Sigma_n$…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Ben Goodman

We introduce and consider the inner-model reflection principle, which asserts that whenever a statement $\varphi(a)$ in the first-order language of set theory is true in the set-theoretic universe $V$, then it is also true in a proper inner…

Neukirch has developed explicit and axiomatic class field theory, which applies to both local and global fields. One of the key ingredients in his theory is a $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}$-extension of the base field, and in the case of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Seok Ho Jack Yoon

We show that Dependent Choice is a sufficient choice principle for developing the basic theory of proper forcing, and for deriving generic absoluteness for the Chang model in the presence of large cardinals, even with respect to…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 David Asperó , Asaf Karagila

This article was motivated by the discovery of a potential new foundation for mainstream mathematics. The goals are to clarify the relationships between primitives, foundations, and deductive practice; to understand how to determine what…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Frank Quinn

We present a system of axioms motivated by a topological intuition: The set of subsets of any set is a topology on that set. On the one hand, this system is a common weakening of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZF, the positive set theory GPK…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Andreas Fackler

We consider the role of the foundation axiom and various anti-foundation axioms in connection with the nature and existence of elementary self-embeddings of the set-theoretic universe.

The class forcing theorem, which asserts that every class forcing notion $\mathbb{P}$ admits a forcing relation $\Vdash_{\mathbb{P}}$, that is, a relation satisfying the forcing relation recursion -- it follows that statements true in the…

We study principles of the form: if a name $\sigma$ is forced to have a certain property $\varphi$, then there is a ground model filter $g$ such that $\sigma^g$ satisfies $\varphi$. We prove a general correspondence connecting these name…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-10-25 Philipp Schlicht , Christopher Turner

Generic absoluteness is the phenomenon that certain truths in the set-theoretic universe remain stable under forcing expansions. A classical result by Kripke asserts that every complete Boolean algebra completely embeds into a countably…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Cesare Straffelini

A recently proposed axiom system for Andr\'e's central translation structures is improved upon. First, one of its axioms turns out to be dependent (derivable from the other axioms). Without this axiom, the axiom system is indeed…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-11-11 Jesse Alama

We present several generalizations of the well-known Kunen inconsistency that there is no nontrivial elementary embedding from the set-theoretic universe V to itself. For example, there is no elementary embedding from the universe V to a…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-05-29 Joel David Hamkins , Greg Kirmayer , Norman Lewis Perlmutter

I explore two separate topics: the concept of jointness for set-theoretic guessing principles, and the notion of grounded forcing axioms. A family of guessing sequences is said to be joint if all of its members can guess any given family of…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Miha E. Habič

It is well-known that a finite axiomatization of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF) is not possible in the same first-order language. In this note we show that a finite axiomatization is possible if we extent the language of ZF with the new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Marcoen Cabbolet

We mechanize, in the proof assistant Isabelle, a proof of the axiom-scheme of Separation in generic extensions of models of set theory by using the fundamental theorems of forcing. We also formalize the satisfaction of the axioms of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Emmanuel Gunther , Miguel Pagano , Pedro Sánchez Terraf

In this paper we will develop an axiomatic foundation for the geometric study of straight edge, protractor, and compass constructions, which while being related to previous foundations, will be the first to have all axioms written and all…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-18 John R. Burke