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We study the convergence of the graph Laplacian of a random geometric graph generated by an i.i.d. sample from a $m$-dimensional submanifold $M$ in $R^d$ as the sample size $n$ increases and the neighborhood size $h$ tends to zero. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-31 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Moritz Gerlach , Matthias Hein , Dejan Slepcev

Manifold learning methods play a prominent role in nonlinear dimensionality reduction and other tasks involving high-dimensional data sets with low intrinsic dimensionality. Many of these methods are graph-based: they associate a vertex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Joe Kileel , Amit Moscovich , Nathan Zelesko , Amit Singer

In manifold learning, algorithms based on graph Laplacians constructed from data have received considerable attention both in practical applications and theoretical analysis. In particular, the convergence of graph Laplacians obtained from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-05-23 Xueyuan Zhou , Mikhail Belkin

Graph Laplacians as well as related spectral inequalities and (co-)homology provide a foray into discrete analogues of Riemannian manifolds, providing a rich interplay between combinatorics, geometry and theoretical physics. We apply some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Yang-Hui He , Shing-Tung Yau

Given i.i.d. observations uniformly distributed on a closed submanifold of the Euclidean space, we study higher-order generalizations of graph Laplacians, so-called Hodge Laplacians on graphs, as approximations of the Laplace-Beltrami…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Jan-Paul Lerch , Martin Wahl

Recently, much of the existing work in manifold learning has been done under the assumption that the data is sampled from a manifold without boundaries and singularities or that the functions of interest are evaluated away from such points.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-29 Mikhail Belkin , Qichao Que , Yusu Wang , Xueyuan Zhou

I prove that the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator with the Neumann boundary condition on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary admits a fast approximation by the spectra of suitable graph Laplacians on proximity graphs on the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-21 Jinpeng Lu

A Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) graph is a type of graph construction using shared nearest neighbor information, which is a secondary similarity measure based on the rankings induced by a primary $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) measure. SNN…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-04 A. Martina Neuman

Spectral methods that are based on eigenvectors and eigenvalues of discrete graph Laplacians, such as Diffusion Maps and Laplacian Eigenmaps are often used for manifold learning and non-linear dimensionality reduction. It was previously…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Amit Singer , Hau-tieng Wu

In this paper we improve the spectral convergence rates for graph-based approximations of Laplace-Beltrami operators constructed from random data. We utilize regularity of the continuum eigenfunctions and strong pointwise consistency…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Jeff Calder , Nicolas Garcia Trillos

Consider $n$ points independently sampled from a density $p$ of class $\mathcal{C}^2$ on a smooth compact $d$-dimensional sub-manifold $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathbb{R}^m$, and consider the generator of a random walk visiting these points…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Hélène Guérin , Dinh-Toan Nguyen , Viet-Chi Tran

This paper establishes quantitative high-probability bounds on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of $\epsilon$-neighborhood graph Laplacians constructed from i.i.d. random variables on $m$-dimensional closed Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Masato Inagaki

Let ${M}$ be a compact Riemannian submanifold of ${{\bf R}^m}$ of dimension $\scriptstyle{d}$ and let ${X_1,...,X_n}$ be a sample of i.i.d. points in ${M}$ with uniform distribution. We study the random operators $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Evarist Giné , Vladimir Koltchinskii

We study Laplacians associated to a graph and single out a class of such operators with special regularity properties. In the case of locally finite graphs, this class consists of all selfadjoint, non-negative restrictions of the standard…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Sebastian Haeseler , Matthias Keller , Daniel Lenz , Radosław Wojciechowski

Laplacian-based methods are popular for the dimensionality reduction of data lying in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Several theoretical results for these algorithms depend on the fact that the Euclidean distance locally approximates the geodesic distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Liane Xu , Amit Singer

We develop a general theory of random walks on hypergraphs which includes, as special cases, the different models that are found in literature. In particular, we introduce and analyze general random walk Laplacians for hypergraphs, and we…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-23 Raffaella Mulas , Christian Kuehn , Tobias Böhle , Jürgen Jost

Laplacian Eigenvectors of the graph constructed from a data set are used in many spectral manifold learning algorithms such as diffusion maps and spectral clustering. Given a graph constructed from a random sample of a $d$-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Xu Wang

We study the problem of estimating eigenpairs of elliptic differential operators from samples of a distribution $\rho$ supported on a manifold $M$. The operators discussed in the paper are relevant in unsupervised learning and in particular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Nicolás García Trillos , Chenghui Li , Raghavendra Venkatraman

Approximations of Laplace-Beltrami operators on manifolds through graph Lapla-cians have become popular tools in data analysis and machine learning. These discretized operators usually depend on bandwidth parameters whose tuning remains a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Frédéric Chazal , Ilaria Giulini , Bertrand Michel

This paper investigates the use of methods from partial differential equations and the Calculus of variations to study learning problems that are regularized using graph Laplacians. Graph Laplacians are a powerful, flexible method for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Ryan Murray
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