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The now canonical proof of Schwarz's Lemma appeared in a 1907 paper of Carath\'eodory, who attributed it to Erhard Schmidt. Since then, Schwarz's Lemma has acquired considerable fame, with multiple extensions and generalizations. Much less…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2008-01-24 Robert B. Burckel , Donald E. Marshall , David Minda , Pietro Poggi-Corradini , Thomas J. Ransford

The Schwarz--Pick lemma is a fundamental result in complex analysis. It is well-known that Yau generalized it to the higher dimensional manifolds by applying his maximum principle for complete Riemannian manifolds. Jeffres obtained Schwarz…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Ryosuke Nomura

The article introduces Ahlfors' generalization of the Schwarz lemma. With this powerful geometric tool of complex functions in one variable, we are able to prove some theorems concerning the size of images under holomorphic mappings,…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-06-24 Aleksander Simonič

We prove two results related to the Schwarz lemma in complex geometry. First, we show that if the inequality in the Schwarz lemmata of Yau, Royden and Tosatti becomes equality at one point, then the equality holds on the whole manifold. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Haojie Chen , Xiaolan Nie

In this note, we look at some of the less explored aspects of the gamma function. We provide a new proof of Euler's reflection formula and discuss its significance in the theory of special functions. We also discuss a result of Landau…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Ritesh Goenka , Gopala Krishna Srinivasan

We prove a sharp Schwarz-type lemma for meromorphic functions with spherical derivative uniformly bounded away from zero. As a consequence we deduce an improved quantitative version of a recent normality criterion due to Grahl & Nevo and…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Richard Fournier , Daniela Kraus , Oliver Roth

The most classical version of the Schwarz lemma involves the behavior at the origin of a bounded, holomorphic function on the disc. Pick's version of the Schwarz lemma allows one to move the origin to other points of the disc. In the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2010-01-13 Steven G. Krantz

We prove a Schwarz-type lemma for noncompact manifolds with possibly noncompact boundary. The result is a consequence of a suitable form of the weak maximum principle of independent interest. The paper is enriched with applications to…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-11 Guglielmo Albanese , Marco Rigoli

Through the Schwarz lemma, we provide a new point of view on three well-known results of the geometry of hyperbolic surfaces. The first result deal with the length of closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces with boundary (Thurston, Parlier,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-04-18 Matthieu Gendulphe

In this paper, we establish some Schwarz type lemmas for mappings $\Phi$ satisfying the inhomogeneous biharmonic Dirichlet problem $ \Delta (\Delta(\Phi)) = g$ in $\mathbb{D}$, $\Phi=f$ on $\mathbb{T}$ and $\partial_n \Phi=h$ on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Adel Khalfallah , Fathi Haggui , Mohamed Mhamdi

We describe all complex geodesics in the tetrablock passing through the origin thus obtaining the form of all extremals in the Schwarz Lemma for the tetrablock. Some other extremals for the Lempert function and geodesics are also given. The…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2014-02-26 A. Edigarian , W. Zwonek

We prove a Schwarz-Jack lemma for holomorphic functions on the unit disk with the property that their maximum modulus on each circle about the origin is attained at a point on the positive real axis. With the help of this result, we…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Javad Mashreghi , Annika Moucha , Ryan O'Loughlin , Thomas Ransford , Oliver Roth

This is a commentary on Teichm{\"u}ller's paper Unter-suchungen{\"u}ber konforme und quasikonforme Abbildungen (Inves-tigations on conformal and quasiconformal mappings) published in 1938. The paper contains fundamental results in conformal…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-12-25 Vincent Alberge , Melkana Brakalova-Trevithick , Athanase Papadopoulos

We prove several cases of Zimmer's conjecture for actions of higher-rank cocompact lattices on low dimensional manifolds. For example, if $\Gamma$ is a cocompact lattice in $\mathrm{Sl}(n, \mathbb R)$, $M$ is a compact manifold, and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Aaron Brown , David Fisher , Sebastian Hurtado

The Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ is a meromorphic complex-valued function of the complex variable $s$ with the unique pole at $s=1$. It plays a central role in the studies of prime numbers. The upper bound in the critical strip $0\le…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Yuanyou Cheng

In this paper we consider finite dimensional dynamical systems generated by a Lipschitz function. We prove a version of the Whitney's Extension Theorem on compact manifolds to obtain a version of the well-known Lambda Lemma for Lipschitz…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-16 Leonardo Pires , Giuliano G. La Guardia

We prove a version of the Schwarz lemma for holomorphic mappings from the unit disk into the symmetric product of a Riemann surface. Our proof is function-theoretic and self-contained. The main novelty in our proof is the use of the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Jaikrishnan Janardhanan

For $n\geq3$, $m\geq1$ and a given continuous function $g:~\Omega\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{m}$, we establish some Schwarz type lemmas for mappings $f$ of $\Omega$ into $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ satisfying the PDE: $\Delta f=g$, where $\Omega$ is a…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Shaolin Chen , Saminathan Ponnusamy

It is well-known that the classical Schwarz lemma yields an explicit comparison of two Hermitian metrics with uniform constant negative curvature bounds through holomorphic maps between complex manifolds. In this paper, we establish Schwarz…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Zhiyao Xiong , Xiaokui Yang , Shing-Tung Yau

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we obtain a Schwarz-Pick type lemma for the $\alpha$-harmonic mapping $u=P_{\alpha}[\phi]$, where $\phi\in L^{p}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1},\mathbb{R} )$ and $p\in[1,\infty]$. We get an explicit form of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Vibhuti Arora , Jiaolong Chen , Shankey Kumar , Qianyun Li
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