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Draft of book strictly based on the author research results presented in the arXiv papers: 0906.3827[gr-qc], 0906.3825[gr-qc], 0905.3916[hep-ph], 0902.4811[hep-ph], 0902.2829[hep-th], 0812.0551[hep-th], 0809.5216[gr-qc], 0808.1035[gr-qc],…

General Physics · Physics 2011-03-09 Lukasz Andrzej Glinka

We investigate the theory of finite observables, i.e., resolutions of the finite-dimensional identity by means of positive operators, that have a physical interpretation in terms of measurement schemes. We focus on extremal and rank-one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-01 Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

These expository notes discuss the arithmetic of rationally connected varieties. Detailed proofs of theorems of Koll\'ar, of Koll\'ar and Szab\'o and of Esnault about rationally connected varieties over finite fields and local fields are…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Olivier Wittenberg

It has been argued that reduction procedures are closely connected to the question about identity of proofs and that accepting certain reductions would lead to a trivialization of identity of proofs in the sense that every derivation of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Sara Ayhan

We discuss combinatorial conditions for the existence of various types of reductions between equivalence relations, and in particular identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of injective reductions.

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-29 Dan Hathaway , Scott Schneider

In various analytical contexts, it is proved that a weak Sobolev inequality implies a doubling property for the underlying measure.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-06-10 Lyudmila Korobenko , Diego Maldonado , Cristian Rios

Equivalencies of many basic elementary inequalities are given

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2008-09-04 P. S. Bullen

We prove that for every Borel equivalence relation $E$, either $E$ is Borel reducible to $\mathbb{E}\_0$, or the family of Borel equivalence relations incompatible with $E$ has cofinal essential complexity. It follows that if $F$ is a Borel…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-12-31 John D. Clemens , Dominique Lecomte , Benjamin D. Miller

In this dissertation, we tackle the problem of describing the equations of the Rees algebra of I for I =(J,y), with J being of linear type. Throughout, such ideals are referred to as ideals of almost-linear type. In Theorem A, we give a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2012-03-21 Ferran Muiños

We prove a number of results motivated by global questions of uniformity in computability theory, and universality of countable Borel equivalence relations. Our main technical tool is a game for constructing functions on free products of…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-01-20 Andrew S Marks

We discuss mathematical and physical arguments against continuity and in favor of discreteness, with particular emphasis on the ideas of Emile Borel (1871-1956).

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. J. Chaitin

Working under large cardinal assumptions, we study the Borel-reducibility between equivalence relations modulo restrictions of the non-stationary ideal on some fixed cardinal $\kappa$. We show the consistency of…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-08-10 David Asperó , Tapani Hyttinen , Vadim Kulikov , Miguel Moreno

The complexity of equivalence relations has received much attention in the recent literature. The main tool for such endeavour is the following reducibility: given equivalence relations $R$ and $S$ on natural numbers, $R$ is computably…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Nikolay Bazhenov , Keng Meng Ng , Luca San Mauro , Andrea Sorbi

Our focus in this paper is in effective computation of the core core(I) of an ideal I which is defined to be the intersection of all minimal reductions of I. The first main result is a closed formula for the graded core(m) of the maximal…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Craig Huneke , Ngo Viet Trung

We provide explicit formulas for the number of ad-nilpotent ideals of a Borel subalgebra of a complex simple Lie algebra having fixed class of nilpotence.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Christian Krattenthaler , Luigi Orsina , Paolo Papi

Ruzsa's equivalence theorem provided a framework for converting certain families of inequalities in additive combinatorics to entropic inequalities (which sometimes did not possess stand-alone entropic proofs). In this work, we first…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Chin Wa Lau , Chandra Nair

We show that high Veronese subrings of any commutative graded ring have a Grobner basis with all relations of degree 2. (The d-th Veronese subring of a ring A_0 + A_1 + A_2 + ... is the ring A_0 + A_d + A_{2d} + ...; ``high'' means we take…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 David Eisenbud , Alyson Reeves , Burt Totaro

We study Borel equivalence relations induced by Borel actions of tsi Polish groups on standard Borel spaces. We characterize when such an equivalence relation admits classification by countable structures using a variant of the $\mathbb…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-08-02 Jan Grebík

We prove certain identities involving Euler and Bernoulli polynomials that can be treated as recurrences. We use these and also other known identities to indicate connection of Euler and Bernoulli numbers with entries of inverses of certain…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-03-06 Paweł J. Szabłowski

This paper begins the exploration of what we call measures of association between two irreducible complex projective varieties of the same dimension. The idea is to study from various points of view the minimal complexity of correspondences…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-12-03 Robert Lazarsfeld , Olivier Martin