Related papers: Explanation of Independence
In an independence model, the triplets that represent conditional independences between singletons are called elementary. It is known that the elementary triplets represent the independence model unambiguously under some conditions. In this…
A theory of recursive and corecursive definitions has been developed in higher-order logic (HOL) and mechanized using Isabelle. Least fixedpoints express inductive data types such as strict lists; greatest fixedpoints express coinductive…
In this short note we show that if we add predicate for a dense complete indiscernible sequence in a dependent theory then the result is still dependent. This answers a question of Baldwin and Benedikt and implies that every unstable…
We present in this paper a first-order axiomatization of an extended theory $T$ of finite or infinite trees, built on a signature containing an infinite set of function symbols and a relation $\fini(t)$ which enables to distinguish between…
The rules of d-separation provide a framework for deriving conditional independence facts from model structure. However, this theory only applies to simple directed graphical models. We introduce relational d-separation, a theory for…
We introduce the notion of independent sequences with respect to a monomial order by using the least terms of polynomials vanishing at the sequence. Our main result shows that the Krull dimension of a Noetherian ring is equal to the…
Trees are partial orderings where every element has a linearly ordered set of smaller elements. We define and study several natural notions of completeness of trees, extending Dedekind completeness of linear orders and Dedekind-MacNeille…
For a first-order theory $T$, the Constraint Satisfaction Problem of $T$ is the computational problem of deciding whether a given conjunction of atomic formulas is satisfiable in some model of $T$. In this article we develop sufficient…
We define the continuous modeling property for first-order structures and show that a first-order structure has the continuous modelling property if and only if its age has the embedding Ramsey property. We use generalized indiscernible…
We classify (up to quasi-isomorphism) the free differential modules whose homology is equal to a given module $M$ by developing a theory for deforming an arbitrary free complex into a differential module. We use an iterative approach to…
We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition…
We study first-order model checking, by which we refer to the problem of deciding whether or not a given first-order sentence is satisfied by a given finite structure. In particular, we aim to understand on which sets of sentences this…
The class of problems complete for NP via first-order reductions is known to be characterized by existential second-order sentences of a fixed form. All such sentences are built around the so-called generalized IS-form of the sentence that…
First-order resolution has been used for type inference for many years, including in Hindley- Milner type inference, type-classes, and constrained data types. Dependent types are a new trend in functional languages. In this paper, we show…
We consider countable linear orders and study the quasi-order of convex embeddability and its induced equivalence relation. We obtain both combinatorial and descriptive set-theoretic results, and further extend our research to the case of…
For a relational Horn theory $\mathbb{T}$, we provide useful sufficient conditions for the exponentiability of objects and morphisms in the category $\mathbb{T}\text{-}\mathsf{Mod}$ of $\mathbb{T}$-models; well-known examples of such…
This paper builds model-theoretic tools to detect changes in complexity among the simple theories. We develop a generalization of dividing, called shearing, which depends on a so-called context c. This leads to defining c-superstability, a…
We study the question of whether a given regular language of finite trees can be defined in first-order logic. We develop an algebraic approach to address this question and we use it to derive several necessary and sufficient conditions for…
Algebraic theories with dependency between sorts form the structural core of Martin-L\"of type theory and similar systems. Their denotational semantics are typically studied using categorical techniques; many different categorical…
Large cardinals arising from the existence of arbitrarily long end elementary extension chains over models of set theory are studied here. In particular, we show that the large cardinals obtained that way (`Unfoldable cardinals') behave as…