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In this paper we extend Stein's method to the distribution of the product of $n$ independent mean zero normal random variables. A Stein equation is obtained for this class of distributions, which reduces to the classical normal Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-30 Robert E. Gaunt

By the continuous mapping theorem, if a sequence of $d$-dimensional random vectors $(\mathbf{W}_n)_{n\geq1}$ converges in distribution to a multivariate normal random variable $\Sigma^{1/2}\mathbf{Z}$, then the sequence of random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Robert E. Gaunt

Let $\boldsymbol{\xi}=(\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_m)$ be a negatively associated mean zero random vector with components that obey the bound $|\xi_i| \le B, i=1,\ldots,m$, and whose sum $W = \sum_{i=1}^m \xi_i$ has variance 1, the bound \[…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-11 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

The zero bias distribution $W^*$ of $W$, defined though the characterizing equation $\mathit{EW}f(W)=\sigma^2Ef'(W^*)$ for all smooth functions $f$, exists for all $W$ with mean zero and finite variance $\sigma^2$. For $W$ and $W^*$ defined…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Larry Goldstein

In this paper, we explore some links between transforms derived by Stein's method and concentration inequalities. In particular, we show that the stochastic domination of the zero bias transform of a random variable is equivalent to…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Santiago Arenas-Velilla , Emilien Joly

We generalize the well-known zero bias distribution and the $\lambda$-Stein pair to an approximate zero bias distribution and an approximate $\lambda,R$-Stein pair, respectively. Berry Esseen type bounds to the normal, based on approximate…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

Variance-Gamma distributions are widely used in financial modelling and contain as special cases the normal, Gamma and Laplace distributions. In this paper we extend Stein's method to this class of distributions. In particular, we obtain a…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-01 Robert E. Gaunt

We propose a new version of Stein's method of exchangeable pairs, which, given a suitable exchangeable pair $(W,W')$ of real-valued random variables, suggests the approximation of the law of $W$ by a suitable absolutely continuous…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-21 Christian Döbler

Stein's method for Gaussian process approximation can be used to bound the differences between the expectations of smooth functionals $h$ of a c\`adl\`ag random process $X$ of interest and the expectations of the same functionals of a well…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-15 A. D. Barbour , Nathan Ross , Guangqu Zheng

Using Stein's method techniques, we develop a framework which allows one to bound the error terms arising from approximation by the Laplace distribution and apply it to the study of random sums of mean zero random variables. As a corollary,…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-29 John Pike , Haining Ren

Over the last 80 years there has been much interest in the problem of finding an explicit formula for the probability density function of two zero mean correlated normal random variables. Motivated by this historical interest, we use a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Robert E. Gaunt

We prove concentration inequalities of the form $P(Y \ge t) \le \exp(-B(t))$ for a random variable $Y$ with mean zero and variance $\sigma^2$ using a coupling technique from Stein's method that is so-called approximate zero bias couplings.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

Distributional transformations characterized by equations relating expectations of test functions weighted by a given biasing function on the original distribution to expectations of the test function's higher derivatives with respect to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-23 Christian Döbler

In this article, we develop Stein characterization for two-sided tempered stable distribution. Stein characterizations for normal, gamma, Laplace, and variance-gamma distributions already known in the literature follow easily. One can also…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-06 Kalyan Barman , N. S. Upadhye

Stein's formula states that a random variable of the form $z^\top f(z) - \text{div} f(z)$ is mean-zero for functions $f$ with integrable gradient. Here, $\text{div} f$ is the divergence of the function $f$ and $z$ is a standard normal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-10 Pierre C Bellec , Cun-Hui Zhang

Sampling bias is a foundational concept in statistics; associated bias transforms, such as size bias, have come to play important roles in probability theory of late. The first author and G. Reinert introduced zero bias, a transform whose…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Larry Goldstein , Todd Kemp

Stein's method is used to approximate sums of discrete and locally dependent random variables by a centered and symmetric Binomial distribution. Under appropriate smoothness properties of the summands, the same order of accuracy as in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Adrian Röllin

Stein's method is applied to obtain a general Cramer-type moderate deviation result for dependent random variables whose dependence is defined in terms of a Stein identity. A corollary for zero-bias coupling is deduced. The result is also…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-06 Louis H. Y. Chen , Xiao Fang , Qi-Man Shao

The product of two zero mean correlated normal random variables, and more generally the sum of independent copies of such random variables, has received much attention in the statistics literature and appears in many application areas.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Robert E. Gaunt

If the rounding errors are assumed to be distributed independently from the intrinsic distribution of the random variable, the sample variance $s^2$ of the rounded variable is given by the sum of the true variance $\sigma^2$ and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-18 J. An
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