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The Whittle index for restless bandits (two-action semi-Markov decision processes) provides an intuitively appealing optimal policy for controlling a single generic project that can be active (engaged) or passive (rested) at each decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 José Niño-Mora

Communication networks shared by many users are a widespread challenge nowadays. In this paper we address several aspects of this challenge simultaneously: learning unknown stochastic network characteristics, sharing resources with other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Orly Avner , Shie Mannor

Bandit learning is characterized by the tension between long-term exploration and short-term exploitation. However, as has recently been noted, in settings in which the choices of the learning algorithm correspond to important decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Sampath Kannan , Jamie Morgenstern , Aaron Roth , Bo Waggoner , Zhiwei Steven Wu

We test whether LLMs show robust decision biases. Treating models as participants in two-arm bandits, we ran 20000 trials per condition across four decoding configurations. Under symmetric rewards, models amplified positional order into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haomiaomiao Wang , Tomás E Ward , Lili Zhang

We consider the problem of sequentially allocating resources in a censored semi-bandits setup, where the learner allocates resources at each step to the arms and observes loss. The loss depends on two hidden parameters, one specific to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Arun Verma , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Arun Rajkumar , Raman Sankaran

We investigate a Bayesian $k$-armed bandit problem in the \emph{many-armed} regime, where $k \geq \sqrt{T}$ and $T$ represents the time horizon. Initially, and aligned with recent literature on many-armed bandit problems, we observe that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Mohsen Bayati , Nima Hamidi , Ramesh Johari , Khashayar Khosravi

Stochastic linear contextual bandit algorithms have substantial applications in practice, such as recommender systems, online advertising, clinical trials, etc. Recent works show that optimal bandit algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Qin Ding , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack

We consider the problem of bandit optimization, inspired by stochastic optimization and online learning problems with bandit feedback. In this problem, the objective is to minimize a global loss function of all the actions, not necessarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Quentin Berthet , Vianney Perchet

The improving multi-armed bandits problem is a formal model for allocating effort under uncertainty, motivated by scenarios such as investing research effort into new technologies, performing clinical trials, and hyperparameter selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Avrim Blum , Marten Garicano , Kavya Ravichandran , Dravyansh Sharma

We study a multi-armed bandit problem where the rewards exhibit regime switching. Specifically, the distributions of the random rewards generated from all arms are modulated by a common underlying state modeled as a finite-state Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Xiang Zhou , Yi Xiong , Ningyuan Chen , Xuefeng Gao

Stochastic linear bandits are a natural and simple generalisation of finite-armed bandits with numerous practical applications. Current approaches focus on generalising existing techniques for finite-armed bandits, notably the optimism…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-17 Tor Lattimore , Csaba Szepesvari

The Greedy algorithm is the simplest heuristic in sequential decision problem that carelessly takes the locally optimal choice at each round, disregarding any advantages of exploring and/or information gathering. Theoretically, it is known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthieu Jedor , Jonathan Louëdec , Vianney Perchet

This paper studies a multi-armed bandit problem where the decision-maker is loss averse, in particular she is risk averse in the domain of gains and risk loving in the domain of losses. The focus is on large horizons. Consequences of loss…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-19 Zengjing Chen , Larry G. Epstein , Guodong Zhang

Model selection in contextual bandits is an important complementary problem to regret minimization with respect to a fixed model class. We consider the simplest non-trivial instance of model-selection: distinguishing a simple multi-armed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Vidya Muthukumar , Akshay Krishnamurthy

We consider two agents playing simultaneously the same stochastic three-armed bandit problem. The two agents are cooperating but they cannot communicate. We propose a strategy with no collisions at all between the players (with very high…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Sébastien Bubeck , Thomas Budzinski

This paper discusses the system architecture design and deployment of non-stationary multi-armed bandit approaches to determine a near-optimal payment routing policy based on the recent history of transactions. We propose a Routing Service…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Aayush Chaudhary , Abhinav Rai , Abhishek Gupta

We consider the contextual bandit problem on general action and context spaces, where the learner's rewards depend on their selected actions and an observable context. This generalizes the standard multi-armed bandit to the case where side…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-03 Moise Blanchard , Steve Hanneke , Patrick Jaillet

Stable matching, a classical model for two-sided markets, has long been studied with little consideration for how each side's preferences are learned. With the advent of massive online markets powered by data-driven matching platforms, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Lydia T. Liu , Horia Mania , Michael I. Jordan

In this paper, we consider several finite-horizon Bayesian multi-armed bandit problems with side constraints which are computationally intractable (NP-Hard) and for which no optimal (or near optimal) algorithms are known to exist with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Sudipto Guha , Kamesh Munagala

The combinatorial stochastic semi-bandit problem is an extension of the classical multi-armed bandit problem in which an algorithm pulls more than one arm at each stage and the rewards of all pulled arms are revealed. One difference with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Rémy Degenne , Vianney Perchet