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Related papers: Benford's law for the $3x+1$ function

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We make progress on a conjecture made by [DM], which states that the $d$-dimensional frames of $m$-dimensional boxes resulting from a fragmentation process satisfy Benford's law for all $1 \leq d \leq m$. We provide a sufficient condition…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Livia Betti , Irfan Durmić , Zoe McDonald , Jack B. Miller , Steven J. Miller

Benford's Law is an empirical law which predicts the frequency of significant digits in databases corresponding to various phenomena, natural or artificial. Although counter intuitive at the first sight, it predicts a higher occurrence of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-06-30 Gaurav Bhole , Abhishek Shukla , T. S. Mahesh

In this paper, we consider the one-to-one correspondence between a 2-adic integer and its parity sequence under iteration of the so-called "3x+1" map. First, we prove a new formula for the inverse transform. Next, we briefly review what is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Olivier Rozier

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the sum of M independent continuous random variables modulo 1 to converge to the uniform distribution in L^1([0,1]), and discuss generalizations to discrete random variables. A consequence…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-09-15 Steven J. Miller , Mark J. Nigrini

This work is devoted to the study of the existence and sign of Green's functions for first order linear problems with constant coefficients and initial (one point) conditions. We first prove a result on the existence of solutions of $n$-th…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-07-05 Alberto Cabada , F. Adrián F. Tojo

Benford's law is an empirical law predicting the distribution of the first significant digits of numbers obtained from natural phenomena and mathematical tables. It has been found to be applicable for numbers coming from a plethora of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 Ameya Deepak Rane , Utkarsh Mishra , Anindya Biswas , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

The following work is written in easy language for college level students. It shows how the first digit probabilities of a group of continuous real-valued functions can be calculated. Thus, examples explaining how the probabilities are…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Irina Pashchenko

Benford's law is a statistical inference to predict the frequency of significant digits in naturally occurring numerical databases. In such databases this law predicts a higher occurrence of the digit 1 in the most significant place and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-01-20 Gaurav Bhole , Abhishek Shukla , T. S. Mahesh

We study the existence of various sign and value patterns in sequences defined by multiplicative functions or related objects. For any set $A$ whose indicator function is 'approximately multiplicative' and uniformly distributed on short…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-04 Terence Tao , Joni Teräväinen

The diverse applications of the Benford law attract investigators working in various fields of physics, biology and sociology. At the same time, the groundings of the Benford law remain obscure. Our paper demonstrates that the Benford law…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-19 G. Whyman , E. Shulzinger , Ed. Bormashenko

We prove that for any positive integer $k$, the edges of any graph whose fractional arboricity is at most $k + 1/(3k+2)$ can be decomposed into $k$ forests and a matching.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-16 Tomas Kaiser , Mickael Montassier , Andre Raspaud

Benford's law is widely used for fraud-detection nowadays. The underlying assumption for using the law is that a "regular" dataset follows the significant digit phenomenon. In this paper, we address the scenario where a shrewd fraudster…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-21 Javad Kazemitabar

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

The notion of (3+1)-avoidance has shown up in many places in enumerative combinatorics. The natural goal of enumeration of all (3+1)-avoiding posets remains open. In this paper, we enumerate graded (3+1)-avoiding posets for both reasonable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-15 Joel Brewster Lewis , Yan X Zhang

In this paper, we propose a third-order Newton's method which in each iteration solves a semidefinite program as a subproblem. Our approach is based on moving to the local minimum of the third-order Taylor expansion at each iteration,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Olha Silina , Jeffrey Zhang

Let X be a smooth threefold. We show that if $X_i\dashrightarrow X_{i+1}$ is a flip which appears in the $K_X$-MMP, then $c_1(X_i)^3-c_1(X_{i+1})^3$ is bounded by a constant depending only on $b_2(X)$.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Paolo Cascini , Hsin-Ku Chen

In this paper, we prove certain theorems about three consecutive primes.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Tsutomu Hashimoto

For slowly evolving, discrete-time-dependent systems of difference equations (iterated maps), we believe the simplest means of demonstrating the validity of the averaging method at first order is by way of a lemma that we call Besjes'…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Dumas , James A. Ellison , Mathias Vogt

Let $\mathcal{I} \subset \mathbb{N}$ be an infinite subset, and let $\{a_i\}_{i \in \mathcal{I}}$ be a sequence of nonzero real numbers indexed by $\mathcal{I}$ such that there exist positive constants $m, C_1$ for which $|a_i| \leq C_1…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Evan Chen , Peter S. Park , Ashvin Swaminathan

We say that a convergence law holds for a sequence of random combinatorial objects if, for any first-order sentence $\varphi$, the proportion of objects satisfying $\varphi$ converges to a limiting value as the size of the objects tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Alperen Özdemir