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Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-17 Dan Stahlke

For a fixed integer $q$, the $q$-Coloring problem asks to decide if a given graph has a vertex coloring with $q$ colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. In a series of papers, it has been shown that for every $q…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Ishay Haviv , Dror Rabinovich

We study quantum analogs of graph colorings and chromatic number. Initially defined via an interactive protocol, quantum colorings can also be viewed as a natural operator relaxation of graph coloring. Since there is no known algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-12 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

For a positive integer $k$, a $k$-colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a mapping $c: V\rightarrow\{1,2,...,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ whenever $uv\in E$. The Colouring problem is to decide, for a given $G$ and $k$, whether a $k$-colouring…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Petr A. Golovach , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma , Jian Song

The graph coloring game is a two-player game in which, given a graph G and a set of k colors, the two players, Alice and Bob, take turns coloring properly an uncolored vertex of G, Alice having the first move. Alice wins the game if and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Eric Sopena , Clément Charpentier , Hervé Hocquard , Xuding Zhu

Graph coloring is a computationally difficult problem, and currently the best known classical algorithm for $k$-coloring of graphs on $n$ vertices has runtimes $\Omega(2^n)$ for $k\ge 5$. The list coloring problem asks the following more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Sayan Mukherjee

In this paper, perfect k-orthogonal colourings of tensor graphs are studied. First, the problem of determining if a given graph has a perfect 2-orthogonal colouring is reformulated as a tensor subgraph problem. Then, it is shown that if two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Kyle MacKeigan

In graph coloring problems, the goal is to assign a positive integer color to each vertex of an input graph such that adjacent vertices do not receive the same color assignment. For classic graph coloring, the goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Joan Boyar , Leah Epstein , Lene M. Favrholdt , Kim S. Larsen , Asaf Levin

A proper coloring of a graph is \emph{proper conflict-free} if every non-isolated vertex $v$ has a neighbor whose color is unique in the neighborhood of $v$. A proper coloring of a graph is \emph{odd} if for every non-isolated vertex $v$,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jungho Ahn , Seonghyuk Im , Sang-il Oum

We study two basic graph parameters, the chromatic number and the orthogonal rank, in the context of classical and quantum exact communication complexity. In particular, we consider two types of communication problems that we call promise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-24 Jop Briët , Harry Buhrman , Debbie Leung , Teresa Piovesan , Florian Speelman

The graph coloring game is a famous two-player game (re)introduced by Bodlaender in $1991$. Given a graph $G$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$, Alice and Bob alternately (starting with Alice) color an uncolored vertex with some color in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Caroline Brosse , Nicolas Martins , Nicolas Nisse , Rudini Sampaio

The $q$-Coloring problem asks whether the vertices of a graph can be properly colored with $q$ colors. Lokshtanov et al. [SODA 2011] showed that $q$-Coloring on graphs with a feedback vertex set of size $k$ cannot be solved in time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-25 Lars Jaffke , Bart M. P. Jansen

An equitable coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a (proper) vertex-coloring of $G$, such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this paper, we consider the equitable coloring problem in block graphs. Recall that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

Imagine that Alice and Bob, unable to communicate, are both given a 16-bit string such that the strings are either equal, or they differ in exactly 8 positions. Both parties are then supposed to output a 4-bit string in such a way that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Viktor Galliard , Stefan Wolf , Alain Tapp

In the $\ell$-Coloring Problem, we are given a graph on $n$ nodes, and tasked with determining if its vertices can be properly colored using $\ell$ colors. In this paper we study below-guarantee graph coloring, which tests whether an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shyan Akmal , Tomohiro Koana

We study the problem of counting $k$-hypergraphlets, an interesting but surprisingly ignored primitive, with the aim of understanding whether efficient algorithms exist. To this end, we consider color coding, a well-known technique for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Marco Bressan , Stefano Clemente , Giacomo Fumagalli

Two colourings of a graph are orthogonal if they have the property that when two vertices are coloured with the same colour in one colouring, then those vertices receive distinct colours in the other colouring. In this paper, orthogonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Kyle MacKeigan , Jeannette Janssen

In 2019, Aterias et al. constructed pairs of quantum isomorphic, non-isomorphic graphs from linear constraint systems. This article deals with quantum automorphisms and quantum isomorphisms of colored versions of those graphs. We show that…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-10-03 David Roberson , Simon Schmidt

In this paper, we study orthogonal colourings of random geometric graphs. Two colourings of a graph are orthogonal if they have the property that when two vertices receive the same colour in one colouring, then those vertices receive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Jeannette Janssen , Kyle MacKeigan
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