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The convex hull of the subgraph of the prime counting function $x\rightarrow \pi(x)$ is a convex set, bounded from above by a graph of some piecewise affine function $x\rightarrow \epsilon(x)$. The vertices of this function form an infinite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-18 Edward Tutaj

Let $a>1$ be an integer. Denote by $l_a(p)$ the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo primes $p$. We prove that if $\frac{x}{\log x\log\log x}=o(y)$, then $$\frac 1 y \sum_{a\leq y}\sum_{p\leq x}\frac{1}{l_a(p)}=\log x + C\log\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Sungjin Kim

We prove that given $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $0 < \lambda < 1$, then $\pi(x + x^\lambda) - \pi(x) \sim \displaystyle \frac{x^\lambda}{\log(x)}$. This solves a long-standing problem concerning the existence of primes in short…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Luan Alberto Ferreira

Let \beta be a real number. Then for almost all irrational \alpha>0 (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) \limsup_{x\to\infty}\pi_{\alpha,\beta}^*(x)(\log x)^2/x>=1, where \pi_{\alpha,\beta}^*(x)={p<=x: both p and [\alpha p+\beta] are primes}.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-04-05 Hongze Li , Hao Pan

In this paper, we establish new bounds for classical prime-counting functions. All of our bounds are explicit and assume the Riemann Hypothesis. First, we prove that $|\psi(x) - x|$ and $|\vartheta(x) - x|$ are bounded from above by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Ethan Simpson Lee , Paweł Nosal

In this paper, we obtain some new inequalities for functions whose second derivatives' absolute value is s-convex and log-convex. Also, we give some applications for numerical integration.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-09-04 Ahmet Ocak Akdemir , Merve Avci Ardic , M. Emin Özdemir

Let $A\subset\left\{ 1,\dots,N\right\} $ be a set of prime numbers containing no non-trivial arithmetic progressions. Suppose that $A$ has relative density $\alpha=|A|/\pi(N)$, where $\pi(N)$ denotes the number of primes in the set $\left\{…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Eric Naslund

We present a function that tests for primality, factorizes composites and builds a closed form expression of $\pi(n^2)$ in terms of $\sum_{3 \leq p \leq n} \frac{1}{p}$ and a weaker version of $\omega(n)$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-01-23 Madieyna Diouf

Assume that $N$ is a sufficiently large positive number. In this paper we show that for a small constant $\varepsilon>0$, the logarithmic inequality \begin{equation*} \big|p_1\log p_1+p_2\log p_2+p_3\log p_3-N\big|<\varepsilon…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-17 S. I. Dimitrov

We show, conditional on a uniform version of the prime k-tuples conjecture, that there are x(log x)^{-1+o(1)} numbers not exceeding x common to the ranges of Euler's function phi(n) and the sum-of-divisors function sigma(m).

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Kevin Ford , Paul Pollack

Hooley conjectured that the variance V(x;q) of the distribution of primes up to x in the arithmetic progressions modulo q is asymptotically x log q, in some unspecified range of q\leq x. On average over 1\leq q \leq Q, this conjecture is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-17 Daniel Fiorilli

The set of short intervals between consecutive primes squared has the pleasant---but seemingly unexploited---property that each interval $s_k:=\{p_k^2, \dots,p_{k+1}^2-1\}$ is fully sieved by the $k$ first primes. Here we take advantage of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

We study the prime pair counting functions $\pi_{2k}(x),$ and their averages over $2k.$ We show that good results can be achieved with relatively little effort by considering averages. We prove an asymptotic relation for longer averages of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Jori Merikoski

We continue our examination the effects of certain hypothetical configurations of zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions lying off the critical line ("barriers") on the relative magnitude of the functions $\pi_{q,a}(x)$. Here $\pi_{q,a}(x)$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Kevin Ford , Sergei Konyagin

In this note, we prove that for all $x \in (0 , 1)$, we have: $$ \log\Gamma(x) = \frac{1}{2} \log\pi + \pi \boldsymbol{\eta} \left(\frac{1}{2} - x\right) - \frac{1}{2} \log\sin(\pi x) + \frac{1}{\pi} \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{\log n}{n}…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-30 Bakir Farhi

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime. For any $m\geq 1$, there exist infinitely many $n$ such that $p_{n}-p_{n-m}\leq C_m$ for some large constant $C_m>0$, and $$p_{n+1}-p_n\geq \frac{c_m\log n\log\log n\log\log\log\log n}{\log\log\log n}, $$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-08 Yu-Chen Sun , Hao Pan

In this paper we give simple proofs for the bounds (some of them sharp) of the difference of the moduli of the second and the first logarithmic coefficient for the general class of univalent functions and for the class of convex univalent…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Milutin Obradovic , Nikola Tuneski

In this paper we discuss a method to express the Prime counting function as a "sum" over Non-trivial zeros of Riemann Zeta function, using techniques from Analytic Number Theory, also we apply our results to the sum over primes of any…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jose Javier Garcia Moreta

In this paper, we develop a novel analytic method to prove the prime number theorem in de la Vall\'ee Poussin's form: $$ \pi(x)=\operatorname{li}(x)+\mathcal O(xe^{-c\sqrt{\log x}}) $$ Instead of performing asymptotic expansion on Chebyshev…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-13 Zihao Liu

A hypothesis is put forward regarding the function $\pi_2(x)$ which describes the distribution of twin primes in the set of natural numbers. The function $\pi_2(x)$ is tested by evaluation and an empirical $\pi_2^{\ast}(x)$ is arrived at,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-02 Boris B. Benyaminov