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Finding the exact integrality gap $\alpha$ for the LP relaxation of the metric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) has been an open problem for over thirty years, with little progress made. It is known that $4/3 \leq \alpha \leq 3/2$, and a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Sylvia Boyd , András Sebö

We propose that the statistics of the optimal tour in the planar random Euclidean traveling salesman problem is conformally invariant on large scales. This is exhibited in power-law behavior of the probabilities for the tour to zigzag…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. L. Jacobsen , N. Read , H. Saleur

We show that the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and its many variants may be modeled as functional optimization problems over a graph. In this formulation, all vertices and arcs of the graph are functionals; i.e., a mapping from a space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 I. M. Ross , R. J. Proulx , M. Karpenko

The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) extends the traveling salesman problem by assigning multiple salesmen to visit a set of targets from a common depot, with each target visited exactly once while minimizing total tour length. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Abhay Singh Bhadoriya , Deepjyoti Deka , Kaarthik Sundar

The $k$-Opt algorithm is a local search algorithm for the traveling salesman problem. Starting with an initial tour, it iteratively replaces at most $k$ edges in the tour with the same number of edges to obtain a better tour. Krentel (FOCS…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sophia Heimann , Hung P. Hoang , Stefan Hougardy

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) to minimize the length of the longest tour. The genetic algorithm utilizes a TSP sequence as the representation of each individual,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sasan Mahmoudinazlou , Changhyun Kwon

Given a graph whose arc traversal times vary over time, the Time-Dependent Travelling Salesman Problem consists in finding a Hamiltonian tour of least total duration covering the vertices of the graph. The main goal of this work is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Pierpaolo Greco , Emanuela Guerriero

This article proposes the first known algorithm that achieves a constant-factor approximation of the minimum length tour for a Dubins' vehicle through $n$ points on the plane. By Dubins' vehicle, we mean a vehicle constrained to move at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ketan Savla , Emilio Frazzoli , Francesco Bullo

The paper presents an O^*(1.2312^n)-time and polynomial-space algorithm for the traveling salesman problem in an n-vertex graph with maximum degree 3. This improves the previous time bounds of O^*(1.251^n) by Iwama and Nakashima and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Mingyu Xiao , Hiroshi Nagamochi

Understanding the interactions between different combinatorial optimisation problems in real-world applications is a challenging task. Recently, the traveling thief problem (TTP), as a combination of the classical traveling salesperson…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Frank Neumann , Sergey Polyakovskiy , Martin Skutella , Leen Stougie , Junhua Wu

Intriguing symmetries are uncovered regarding all magic squares of orders 3, 4, and 5, with 1, 880, and 275,305,224 distinct configurations, respectively. In analogy with the travelling salesman problem, the distributions of the total…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Peyman Fahimi , Walter Trump , Cherif F. Matta , Alireza Ahmadi Baneh

We revisit the constant-factor approximation algorithm for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem by Svensson, Tarnawski, and V\'egh. We improve on each part of this algorithm. We avoid the reduction to irreducible instances and thus…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Vera Traub , Jens Vygen

We give a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem (ATSP). Our approximation guarantee is analyzed with respect to the standard LP relaxation, and thus our result confirms the conjectured…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Ola Svensson , Jakub Tarnawski , László A. Végh

Using an enhanced Self-Organizing Map method, we provided suboptimal solutions to the Traveling Salesman Problem. Besides, we employed hyperparameter tuning to identify the most critical features in the algorithm. All improvements in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Joao P. A. Dantas , Andre N. Costa , Marcos R. O. A. Maximo , Takashi Yoneyama

The Asymmetric Traveling Salesperson Path Problem (ATSPP) is one where, given an asymmetric metric space $(V,d)$ with specified vertices s and t, the goal is to find an s-t path of minimum length that passes through all the vertices in V.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Zachary Friggstad , Anupam Gupta , Mohit Singh

We study the problem of finding a tour of $n$ points in which every edge is long. More precisely, we wish to find a tour that visits every point exactly once, maximizing the length of the shortest edge in the tour. The problem is known as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-29 László Kozma , Tobias Mömke

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

We give unconditional parameterized complexity lower bounds on pure dynamic programming algorithms - as modeled by tropical circuits - for connectivity problems such as the Traveling Salesperson Problem. Our lower bounds are higher than the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kacper Kluk , Jesper Nederlof

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimisation problem involving two interdependent NP-hard components: the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the knapsack problem (KP). Recent state-of-the-art TTP solvers modify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Majid Namazi , Conrad Sanderson , M. A. Hakim Newton , Abdul Sattar

The paper provides a description of the two recent approximation algorithms for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem, giving the intuitive description of the works of Feige-Singh[1] and Asadpour et.al\ [2].\newline [1] improves the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-09 Arka Bhattacharya
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