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In this paper we define a new algebraic object: the disguised-groups. We show the main properties of the disguised-groups and, as a consequence, we will see that disguised-groups coincide with regular semigroups. We prove many of the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Eduardo Blanco-Gómez

In this paper we show that counting Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants is universal in the sense that some other enumerative problems are either special cases or directly related to it. Such results provide concrete examples that support a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-05-28 Jian Zhou

It is well known that the Galois group of an extension puts constraints on the structure of the relative ideal class groups. Using only basic parts of the theory of group representations, we give a unified approach to such results.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Franz Lemmermeyer

In these lecture notes, we give a quick account of the theory of Poisson groupoids and Lie bialgebroids. In particular, we discuss the universal lifting theorem and its applications including integration of quasi-Lie bialgebroids,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-07-30 Camille Laurent-Gengoux , Mathieu Stienon , Ping Xu

Understanding realistic complex systems requires confronting significant conceptual, theoretical and experimental limitations rooted in the persistence of views that originated in the mechanics of simple moving bodies. We define the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-06 Santiago Núñez-Corrales , Eric Jakobsson

We use a novel type of epistemic logic, employing comparative knowledge assertions, to analyze the relative epistemic powers of individuals or groups of agents. Such comparative assertions can express that a group has the potential to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Baltag Alexandru , Smets Sonja

Curiosity is a vital metacognitive skill in educational contexts, leading to creativity, and a love of learning. And while many school systems increasingly undercut curiosity by teaching to the test, teachers are increasingly interested in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Tanmay Sinha , Zhen Bai , Justine Cassell

Wigner found unreasonable the "effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences". But if the mathematics we use to describe nature is simply a coded expression of our experience then its effectiveness is quite reasonable. Its…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-02-03 Marvin Chester

These few pages briefly present the way in which Activity Theory has been adopted for several years now by French researchers in didactics of mathematics and has been adapted to study the learning of school mathematics in relation with the…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-05-08 Maha Abboud-Blanchard , Aline Robert , Janine Rogalski , Fabrice Vandebrouck

Understanding each other is the key to success in collaboration. For humans, attributing mental states to others, the theory of mind, provides the crucial advantage. We argue for formulating human--AI interaction as a multi-agent problem,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Tomi Peltola , Pedram Daee , Samuel Kaski

The aim of this paper is to describe the definitions and main properties of three generalizations of the group concept, namely: groupoid, generalized group and almost groupoid. Some constructions of these algebraic structures and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Gheorghe Ivan

Game theory offers a powerful framework for analyzing strategic interactions among decision-makers, providing tools to model, analyze, and predict their behavior. However, implementing game theory can be challenging due to difficulties in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Yaoqi Yang , Hongyang Du , Geng Sun , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han

We develop a generalised gauge theory in which the role of gauge group is played by a coalgebra and the role of principal bundle by an algebra. The theory provides a unifying point of view which includes quantum group gauge theory,…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 T. Brzezinski , S. Majid

In this paper, we will expound upon the concepts proffered in [1], where we proposed an information theoretic approach to intelligence in the computational sense. We will examine data and meme aggregation, and study the effect of limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Daniel Kovach

Independent from the still ongoing research in measuring individual intelligence, we anticipate and provide a framework for measuring collective intelligence. Collective intelligence refers to the idea that several individuals can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-01 Michel Halmes

Toy models are highly idealized and deliberately simplified models that retain only the essential features of a system in order to explore specific theoretical questions. Long used in physics and other sciences, they have recently begun to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Larissa Albantakis

We address the issue of the fallacy of the gauge concept in electromagnetism. The role of groupthink in the perpetuation of this concept in the physics literature is also discussed. Brief, elementary arguments suffice to demonstrate the…

General Physics · Physics 2014-12-09 Paul J Cote , Mark A Johnson

Extensive work has been conducted both in game theory and logic to model strategic interaction. An important question is whether we can use these theories to design agents for interacting with people? On the one hand, they provide a formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Sarit Kraus

Relying on recent generalizations of the Fra\"iss\'e theory to a broader category-theoretic context, we study the class of abstract finite games played between two players and show the existence of an infinitetly countable game which is…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Matheus Duzi , Paul Szeptycki , Walter Tholen

An algebraic formalism for the study of interacting particle systems is developed. Particle processes are described in terms of the category theory. The problem for the unique description of these processes is discussed. Categories relevant…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wladyslaw Marcinek