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We study the gradient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) in the over-parameterized setting, where a general GMM with $n>1$ components learns from data that are generated by a single ground truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weihang Xu , Maryam Fazel , Simon S. Du

We study the algorithmic task of testably learning general Massart halfspaces under the Gaussian distribution. In the testable learning setting, the aim is the design of a tester-learner pair satisfying the following properties: (1) if the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ilias Diakonikolas , Giannis Iakovidis , Daniel M. Kane , Sihan Liu

Gaussian Mixture Models are a powerful tool in Data Science and Statistics that are mainly used for clustering and density approximation. The task of estimating the model parameters is in practice often solved by the Expectation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-25 Lena Sembach , Jan Pablo Burgard , Volker H. Schulz

Clustering has become a core technology in machine learning, largely due to its application in the field of unsupervised learning, clustering, classification, and density estimation. A frequentist approach exists to hand clustering based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Jun Lu

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates when data are incomplete or are treated as being incomplete. The EM algorithm and its variants are commonly used for parameter…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-26 Ryan P. Browne , Sanjeena Subedi , Paul McNicholas

We study the problem of list-decodable Gaussian mean estimation and the related problem of learning mixtures of separated spherical Gaussians. We develop a set of techniques that yield new efficient algorithms with significantly improved…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Alistair Stewart

Mixture distributions arise in many parametric and non-parametric settings -- for example, in Gaussian mixture models and in non-parametric estimation. It is often necessary to compute the entropy of a mixture, but, in most cases, this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey

We give an algorithm for learning a mixture of {\em unstructured} distributions. This problem arises in various unsupervised learning scenarios, for example in learning {\em topic models} from a corpus of documents spanning several topics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-19 Yuval Rabani , Leonard Schulman , Chaitanya Swamy

This paper presents a general and efficient framework for probabilistic inference and learning from arbitrary uncertain information. It exploits the calculation properties of finite mixture models, conjugate families and factorization. Both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-19 M. C. Garrido , P. E. Lopez-de-Teruel , A. Ruiz

In learning theory, a standard assumption is that the data is generated from a finite mixture model. But what happens when the number of components is not known in advance? The problem of estimating the number of components, also called…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jerry Li , Allen Liu , Ankur Moitra

This paper is concerned with an important issue in finite mixture modelling, the selection of the number of mixing components. We propose a new penalized likelihood method for model selection of finite multivariate Gaussian mixture models.…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-17 Tao Huang , Heng Peng , Kun Zhang

This work introduces a novel probabilistic deep learning technique called deep Gaussian mixture ensembles (DGMEs), which enables accurate quantification of both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. By assuming the data generating process…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-13 Yousef El-Laham , Niccolò Dalmasso , Elizabeth Fons , Svitlana Vyetrenko

This paper studies the optimal rate of estimation in a finite Gaussian location mixture model in high dimensions without separation conditions. We assume that the number of components $k$ is bounded and that the centers lie in a ball of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Natalie Doss , Yihong Wu , Pengkun Yang , Harrison H. Zhou

In this contribution, we present new algorithms to source separation for the case of noisy instantaneous linear mixture, within the Bayesian statistical framework. The source distribution prior is modeled by a mixture of Gaussians…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-07 Hichem Snoussi , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

We study Bayesian estimation of finite mixture models in a general setup where the number of components is unknown and allowed to grow with the sample size. An assumption on growing number of components is a natural one as the degree of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-18 Ilsang Ohn , Lizhen Lin

The Method of Moments [Pea94] is one of the most widely used methods in statistics for parameter estimation, by means of solving the system of equations that match the population and estimated moments. However, in practice and especially…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Yihong Wu , Pengkun Yang

We consider the problem of approximating a general Gaussian location mixture by finite mixtures. The minimum order of finite mixtures that achieve a prescribed accuracy (measured by various $f$-divergences) is determined within constant…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Yun Ma , Yihong Wu , Pengkun Yang

Problems of probabilistic inference and decision making under uncertainty commonly involve continuous random variables. Often these are discretized to a few points, to simplify assessments and computations. An alternative approximation is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 William B. Poland , Ross D. Shachter

We study the problem of learning mixtures of linear classifiers under Gaussian covariates. Given sample access to a mixture of $r$ distributions on $\mathbb{R}^n$ of the form $(\mathbf{x},y_{\ell})$, $\ell\in [r]$, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Yuxin Sun

Estimating the number of components is a fundamental challenge in unsupervised learning, particularly when dealing with high-dimensional data with many components or severely imbalanced component sizes. This paper addresses this challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Huan Qing