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We introduce a combinatorial criterion for verifying whether a formula is not the conjunction of an equation and a co-equation. Using this, we give a proof for the nonequationality of the free group. Furthermore, we generalize the latter…

We study the combinatorial analogues of the classical invariants of measurable equivalence relations. We introduce the notion of cost and $\beta$-invariants (the analogue of the first $L^2$-Betti number introduced by Gaboriau) for sequences…

We study a positive-definite function associated to a measure-preserving equivalence relation on a standard probability space and use it to measure quantitatively the proximity of subequivalence relations. This is combined with a recent…

Bipartite entanglement is one of the fundamental quantifiable resources of quantum information theory. We propose a new application of this resource to the theory of quantum measurements. According to Naimark's theorem any rank 1…

We investigate the average minimum cost of a bipartite matching between two samples of n independent random points uniformly distributed on a unit cube in d $\ge$ 3 dimensions, where the matching cost between two points is given by any…

We partly generalize the estimate for the rank of intersection of subgroups in free products of groups, proved earlier by S.V.Ivanov and W.Dicks, to the case of free amalgamated products of groups with normal finite amalgamated subgroup. We…

Let $G$ be a higher rank semisimple real Lie group or the product of at least two automorphism groups of regular trees. We prove all probability measure preserving actions of lattices in such groups have cost one, answering Gaboriau's fixed…

We completely elucidate the relationship between two invariants associated with an ergodic probability measure-preserving (pmp) equivalence relation, namely its cost and the minimal number of topological generators of its full group. It…

In this paper we study a group G which is the quotient of a free product of groups by the normal closure of a word that is contained in a in a subgroup which has the form of a generalised triangle group. We use known properties of…

Let $G_1$ be a semisimple real Lie group and $G_2$ another locally compact second countable unimodular group. We prove that $G_1 \times G_2$ has fixed price one if $G_1$ has higher rank, or if $G_1$ has rank one and $G_2$ is a $p$-adic…

It is proved that if $G=G_1*_{G_3}G_2$ is free product of probability measure preserving $s$-regular ergodic discrete groupoids amalgamated over an amenable subgroupoid $G_3$, then the sofic dimension $s(G)$ satisfies the equality \[…

We calculate the rank gradient and p-gradient of free products, free products with amalgamation over an amenable subgroup, and HNN extensions with an amenable associated subgroup. The notion of cost is used to compute the rank gradient of…

We give a new proof of the free transportation cost inequality for measures on the circle following M. Ledoux's idea.

We show that stable commutator length is rational on free products of free Abelian groups amalgamated over $\mathbb{Z}^k$, a class of groups containing the fundamental groups of all torus knot complements. We consider a geometric model for…

We show how one can ascertain the values of a complete set of mutually complementary observables of a prime degree of freedom.

This paper defines Lebesgue measure preserving Thompson's monoid, denoted by $\mathbb{G}$, which is modeled on Thompson's group $\mathbb{F}$ except that the elements of $\mathbb{G}$ are non-invertible. Moreover, it is required that the…

For discrete measured groupoids preserving a probability measure we introduce a notion of sofic dimension that measures the asymptotic growth of the number of sofic approximations on larger and larger finite sets. In the case of groups we…

A well known conjecture in the theory of transformation groups states that if p is a prime and (Z/p)^r acts freely on a product of k spheres, then r is less than or equal to k. We prove this assertion if p is large compared to the dimension…

We investigate the rank gradient and growth of torsion in homology in residually finite groups. As a tool, we introduce a new complexity notion for generating sets, using measured groupoids and combinatorial cost. As an application we prove…

The homology of free Lie algebras with coefficients in tensor products of the adjoint representation working over Q contains important information on the homological properties of polynomial outer functors on free groups. The latter…