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This article investigates the isomorphism problem for graphs derived from the four standard graph products: Cartesian, Kronecker (direct), strong, and lexicographic product. We provide a complete characterization of all simple connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Priti Prasanna Mondal , M. Rajesh Kannan , Fouzul Atik

For any natural numbers $k \leq n$, the rational cohomology ring of the space of continuous maps $S^{2k-1} \to S^{2n-1}$ (respectively, $S^{4k-1} \to S^{4n-1}$) equivariant under the Hopf action of the circle (respectively, of the group…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-23 V. A. Vassiliev

Every irreducible outer automorphism of the free group of rank r is topologically represented by an irreducible train track map $f$ on some graph $\Gamma$ of rank r. Moreover, $f$ can always be written as a composition of folds and a graph…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Paige Hillen

It is not known whether or not the stable rational cohomology groups $\tilde H^*(Aut(F_\infty);\Q)$ always vanish. We show that either the rational cohomology does not vanish in certain dimensions, or the integral cohomology of a moduli…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Craig A. Jensen

It is well known that cohomology with compact supports is not a homotopy invariant but only a proper homotopy one. However, as the proper category lacks of general categorical properties, a Brown representability theorem type does not seem…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-03-27 J. M. García-Calcines , P. R. García-Díaz , A. Murillo

We show that every group $G$ embeds malnormally into a simple, complete co-Hopfian group $H$. This implies that a non-trivial endomorphism of $G$ extends to $H$ if and only if it is an inner automorphism, strengthening a theorem of Schupp…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Francesco Fournier-Facio

We give new counterexamples to a question of Karsten Grove, whether there are only finitely many rational homotopy types among simply connected manifolds satisfying the assumptions of Gromov's Betti number theorem. Our counterexamples are…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-07-13 Martin Herrmann

Given a free product $G$, we investigate the existence of faithful free representations of the outer automorphism group $\text{Out}(G)$, or in other words of embeddings of $\text{Out}(G)$ into $\text{Out}\left(F_m\right)$ for some $m$. This…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Alexis Marchand

Let $N \geq 2$ and let $\mathrm{Out}(F_N)$ be the outer automorphism group of a nonabelian free group of rank $N$. Let $\mathrm{IA}_N(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})$ be the finite index subgroup of $\mathrm{Out}(F_N)$ which is the kernel of the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-16 Yassine Guerch

In this article we determine the structure of a twisted first cohomology group of the first homology of a trivalent graph with a coefficient associated with the quantum Clebsch-Gordan condition. As an application we give a characterization…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Hajime Fujita

An integral homology theory on the category of undirected reflexive graphs was constructed in [2]. A geometrical method to understand behaviors of $1$- and $2$-simplices under differential maps of the theory was developed in [3] and led us…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Pongdate Montagantirud , Natthawut Phanachet

We construct a covering of Culler-Vogtmann Outer space by the Teichmuller spaces of punctured surfaces. By considering the equivariant homology for the action of Out(F_n) on this covering, we construct a spectral sequence converging to the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-09-24 Matthew Horak

The observation that a graph of rank $n$ can be assembled from graphs of smaller rank $k$ with $s$ leaves by pairing the leaves together leads to a process for assembling homology classes for $Out(F_n)$ and $Aut(F_n)$ from classes for…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-02-23 James Conant , Allen Hatcher , Martin Kassabov , Karen Vogtmann

Consider the (formal/analytic/algebraic) map-germs Maps(X,(k^p,o)). Let G be the group of right/contact/left-right transformations. I extend the following (classical) results from the real/complex-analytic case to the case of arbitrary…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Dmitry Kerner

Let $\phi \in \mbox{Out}(F_n)$ be a free group outer automorphism that can be represented by an expanding, irreducible train-track map. The automorphism $\phi$ determines a free-by-cyclic group $\Gamma=F_n \rtimes_\phi \mathbb Z,$ and a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-03-04 Yael Algom-Kfir , Eriko Hironaka , Kasra Rafi

We construct a local characteristic map to a symplectic manifold M via certain cohomology groups of Hamiltonian vector fields. For each p in M, the Leibniz cohomology of the Hamiltonian vector fields on R^{2n} maps to the Leibniz cohomology…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Jerry Lodder

The main theorem of this document emulates, in the context of Out(F_r) theory, a mapping class group theorem (by H. Masur and J. Smillie) that determines precisely which index lists arise from pseudo-Anosov mapping classes. Since the ideal…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Catherine Pfaff

We provide an example in each rank of an ageometric fully irreducible outer automorphism whose ideal Whitehead graph has a cut vertex. Consequently, we show that there exist examples in each rank of Handel-Mosher axis bundles that are not…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-01 Catherine Pfaff

H. Masur and J. Smillie proved precisely which singularity index lists arise from pseudo-Anosov mapping classes. In search of an analogous theorem for outer automorphisms of free groups, Handel and Mosher ask: Is each connected, simplicial,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-23 Catherine Pfaff

We show that (under mild assumptions) the generating function of log homology torsion of a knot exterior has a meromorphic continuation to the entire complex plane. As corollaries, this gives new proofs of (a) the Silver-Williams…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-02-22 Oliver Braunling