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This book presents a comprehensive and systematic survey of graph theory under uncertainty, with particular emphasis on the unifying role of the uncertain graph framework. It reviews fundamental concepts, structural properties, graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

This book, in order to generalize the two models of fuzzy cognitive maps and neutrosophic cognitive maps, has systematically invented mathematical tools like bimatrices, trimatrices, n-matrices, bigraphs, trigraphs and n-graphs and describe…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 WB Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

Real-world phenomena often exhibit vagueness, partial truth, and incomplete information. To model such uncertainty in a mathematically rigorous way, many generalized set-theoretic frameworks have been introduced, including Fuzzy Sets [1],…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics. Chapter 1 first introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the definition of interval neutrosophic sets and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Haibin Wang , Florentin Smarandache , Yan-Qing Zhang , Rajshekhar Sunderraman

Combinatorics studies how discrete objects can be counted, arranged, and combined under specified rules. Motivated by uncertainty in real-world data and decisions, modern set-theoretic formalisms such as fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, rough…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

This book is organized into seven chapters. Chapter one is introductory in content. The notion of neutrosophic set linear algebras and neutrosophic neutrosophic set linear algebras are introduced and their properties analysed in chapter…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-03-10 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

Neutrosophic theory and applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after the introduction the journal entitled Neutrosophic Sets and Systems. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Florentin Smarandache , Surapati Pramanik

Generally any real-world problem is not always solvable, because in that not only a percentage of uncertainty is present, but also, a certain percentage of indeterminacy is present. The presence of uncertainty has been analyzed using fuzzy…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

This book is organized into four chapters. In Chapter One we just introduce the basic Fuzzy and Neutrosophic tools used in the analysis of the social evil of Untouchability. Since the notion of caste is based on themind, it is appropriate…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Kandasamy

The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

In this book, for the first time we introduce the notion of neutrosophic algebraic structures for groups, loops, semigroups and groupoids; and also their neutrosophic N-algebraic structures. One is fully aware of the fact that many…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

The introduction of Fuzzy Relational Equations (FREs) has made problems that were unsolvable using algebraic linear equations into solvable ones. FREs have been applied to problemsin medicine, industry, transportation and all types of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

In this paper, we present a generalization of the relational data model based on interval neutrosophic set. Our data model is capable of manipulating incomplete as well as inconsistent information. Fuzzy relation or intuitionistic fuzzy…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-10-30 Haibin Wang , Rajshekhar Sunderraman , Florentin Smarandache , Andre Rogatko

In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs).Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

Graph theory has successfully used to solve a wide range of problems encountered in diverse fields such as medical sciences, neural networks, control theory, transportation, clustering analysis, expert systems, image capturing, and network…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Rajkumar Verma , José M. Merigó , Manoj Sahni

This book introduces the concept of neutrosophic bilinear algebras and their generalizations to n-linear algebras, n>2. This book has five chapters. The first chapter is introductory in nature and gives a few essential definitions and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-07-02 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

The authors in this book introduce the notion of special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy Linear algebra, which is an extension of the notion set linear algebra and set fuzzy linear algebra. These concepts are best suited in the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-12-31 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

In this book, the authors define the new notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized form of vector spaces. Set vector spaces make use of the least number of algebraic operations, therefore, even a non-mathematician is…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-06-18 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of strong neutrosophic graphs. They are very different from the usual graphs and neutrosophic graphs. Using these new structures special subgraph topological spaces are defined.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Ilanthenral K , Florentin Smarandache

In this paper we prove that Neutrosophic Set (NS) is an extension of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) no matter if the sum of single-valued neutrosophic components is < 1, or > 1, or = 1. For the case when the sum of components is 1 (as in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Florentin Smarandache
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