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We survey various classical results on invariants of polynomials, or equivalently, of binary forms, focussing on explicit calculations for invariants of polynomials of degrees 2, 3, 4.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-02-18 Svante Janson

We consider algebras over a field K, generated by two variables x and y subject to the single relation yx = qxy + ax + by + c for q in K^* and a, b, c in K. We prove, that among such algebras there are precisely five isomorphism classes.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2011-08-05 Christoph Koutschan , Viktor Levandovskyy , Oleksandr Motsak

The aim of this paper is to study bimodule stably Calabi-Yau properties of derivation quotient algebras. We give the definition of a twisted stably Calabi-Yau algebra and show that every twisted derivation quotient algebra $A$ for which the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Gabriele Bocca

In this paper, we consider complex polynomials of degree three with distinct zeros and their polarization ((z1,z2,z3) with three complex variables. We show, through elementary means, that the variety P(z1,z2,z3)=0 is birationally equivalent…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Chayne Planiden , Hristo Sendov

It is a small step toward the Koszul-type algebras. The piecewise-Koszul algebras are, in general, a new class of quadratic algebras but not the classical Koszul ones, simultaneously they agree with both the classical Koszul and higher…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-09-20 Jiafeng Lu , Jiwei He , Diming Lu

It has been shown recently, in a joint work with Michel Dubois-Violette and Marc Wambst (see math.QA/0203035), that Koszul property of $N$-homogeneous algebras (as defined in the original paper) becomes natural in a $N$-complex setting. A…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Roland Berger

Associated to any uniform finite layered graph Gamma there is a noncommutative graded quadratic algebra A(Gamma) given by a construction due to Gelfand, Retakh, Serconek and Wilson. It is natural to ask when these algebras are Koszul.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-11-08 Thomas Cassidy , Christopher Phan , Brad Shelton

The Koszul homology of modules of the polynomial ring $R$ is a central object in commutative algebra.It is strongly related with the minimal free resolution of these modules, and thus with regularity, Hilbert functions, etc. Here we…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eduardo Saenz de Cabezon

In this paper we address the following question arising from the work of P. Etingof, D. Kazhdan and A. Polishchuk (math.AG/0003009): given a homogeneous complex polynomial, when the rational map defined by its partials is of degree 1? We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Igor V. Dolgachev

We find a class of algebras A satisfying the following property: for every nontrivial noncommutative polynomial, the linear span of all its values in A equals A. This class includes the algebras of all bounded and all compact operators on…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2011-04-19 Matej Bresar , Igor Klep

We describe a classification of degree n complex coefficient polynomials with respect to combinatorial patterns that arise from the two real algebraic curves obtained as the zero sets for their real and imaginary part. In particular, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-09 Francois Bergeron

Let $p$ be a polynomial in the non-commuting variables $(a,x)=(a_1,...,a_{g_a},x_1,...,x_{g_x})$. If $p$ is convex in the variables $x$, then $p$ has degree two in $x$ and moreover, $p$ has the form $p = L + \Lambda ^T \Lambda,$ where $L$…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-04-07 Damon M. Hay , J. William Helton , Adrian Lim , Scott McCullough

We study identities of finite dimensional algebras over a field of characteristic zero, graded by an arbitrary groupoid $\Gamma$. First we prove that its graded colength has a polynomially bounded growth. For any graded simple algebra $A$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-01-09 Dušan D. Repovš , Mikhail V. Zaicev

While every matrix admits a singular value decomposition, in which the terms are pairwise orthogonal in a strong sense, higher-order tensors typically do not admit such an orthogonal decomposition. Those that do have attracted attention…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-12-29 Ada Boralevi , Jan Draisma , Emil Horobet , Elina Robeva

Koszul algebras have arisen in many contexts; algebraic geometry, combinatorics, Lie algebras, non-commutative geometry and topology. The aim of this paper and several sequel papers is to show that for any finite dimensional algebra there…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Roberto Martinez-Villa , Øyvind Solberg

We investigate the structure of ideals generated by binomials (polynomials with at most two terms) and the schemes and varieties associated to them. The class of binomial ideals contains many classical examples from algebraic geometry, and…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 David Eisenbud , Bernd Sturmfels

Let $(X,\mu,T_1,...,T_l)$ be a measure-preserving system with those $T_i$ are commuting. Suppose that the polynomials $p_1(t),...,p_{l}(t)\in\Z[t]$ with $p_j(0)=0$ have distinct degrees. Then for any $\epsilon>0$ and $A\subseteq X$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-27 Hao Pan

We consider $\G$-graded commutative algebras, where $\G$ is an abelian group. Starting from a remarkable example of the classical algebra of quaternions and, more generally, an arbitrary Clifford algebra, we develop a general viewpoint on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-12-08 Sophie Morier-Genoud , Valentin Ovsienko

Over an arbitrary field, we conduct a comprehensive study of the polynomial identities and codimensions of two- and three-dimensional metabelian non-Lie Leibniz algebras. In addition, we compute the images of multihomogeneous polynomials on…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Luis Fertunani , Claudemir Fideles , Airton Muniz

We show that if $p_1,p_2$ are injective, integer polynomials that vanish at the origin, such that either both are of degree $1$ or both are of degree $2$ or higher, then double recurrence fails for non-commuting, mixing, zero entropy…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Zemer Kosloff , Shrey Sanadhya