Related papers: Signed ordered knotlike quandle presentations
Lower bounds of betti numbers for homology groups of racks and quandles will be given using the quotient homomorphism to the orbit quandles. Exact sequences relating various types of homology groups are analyzed. Geometric methods of…
Quandle representations are homomorphisms from a quandle to the group of invertible matrices on some vector space taken with the conjugation operation. We study certain families of quandle representations. More specifically, we introduce…
Quandle homology was defined from rack homology as the quotient by a subcomplex corresponding to the idempotency, for invariance under the type I Reidemeister move. Similar subcomplexes have been considered for various identities of racks…
In this study of the Reidemeister moves within the classical knot theory, we focus on hard diagrams of knots and links, categorizing them as either rigid or shaky based on their adaptability to certain moves. We establish that every link…
Marked vertex diagrams provide a combinatorial way to represent knotted surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$; including virtual crossings allows for a theory of virtual knotted surfaces and virtual cobordisms. Biquandle counting invariants are…
We introduce a new symbolic representation based on an original generalization of counter abstraction. Unlike classical counter abstraction (used in the analysis of parameterized systems with unordered or unstructured topologies) the new…
A virtual link diagram is called normal if the associated abstract link diagram is checkerboard colorable, and a virtual link is normal if it has a normal diagram as a representative.In this paper, we introduce a method of converting a…
The theory of quandle (co)homology and cocycle knot invariants is rapidly being developed. We begin with a summary of these recent advances. One such advance is the notion of a dynamical cocycle. We show how dynamical cocycles can be used…
Quandles with involutions that satisfy certain conditions, called good involutions, can be used to color non-orientable surface-knots. We use subgroups of signed permutation matrices to construct non-trivial good involutions on extensions…
Conditional evolution is crucial for generating non-Gaussian resources for quantum information tasks in the continuous variable scenario. However, tools are lacking for a convenient representation of heralded process in terms of quantum…
We propose a formal model of concurrent systems in which the history of a computation is explicitly represented as a collection of events that provide a view of a sequence of configurations. In our model events generated by transitions…
Transport through nanosystems is treated within the second order von Neumann approach. This approach bridges the gap between rate equations which neglect level broadening and cotunneling, and the transmission formalism, which is essentially…
For a knot diagram $K$, the classical knot group $\pi_1(K)$ is a free group modulo relations determined by Wirtinger-type relations on the classical crossings. The classical knot group is invariant under the Reidemeister moves. In this…
We define enhancements of the quandle counting invariant for knots and links with a finite labeling quandle Q embedded in the quandle of units of a Lie algebra \mathfrak{a} using Lie ideals. We provide examples demonstrating that the…
Virtual knots are defined diagrammatically as a collection of figures, called virtual knot diagrams, that are considered equivalent up to finite sequences of extended Reidemeister moves. By contrast, knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be defined…
Formally verifying the properties of formal systems using a proof assistant requires justifying numerous minor lemmas about capture-avoiding substitution. Despite work on category-theoretic accounts of syntax and variable binding, raw,…
Given a finite simplicial complex, a unimodular representation of its fundamental group and a closed twisted cochain of odd degree, we define a twisted version of the Reidemeister torsion, extending a previous definition of V. Mathai and S.…
We construct the new non-trivial state--sum invariants for virtual knots and links by a generalization of the powerful Carter--Saito--Jelsovsky--Kamada--Langford theorem for classical knots. The main result of this work is based on…
We define an invariant of welded virtual knots from each finite crossed module by considering crossed module invariants of ribbon knotted surfaces which are naturally associated with them. We elucidate that the invariants obtained are non…
The string-net approach by Levin and Wen and the local unitary transformation approach by Chen, Gu and Wen provided ways to systematically label non-chiral topological orders in 2D. In those approaches, different topologically ordered…