Related papers: On magic squares
Consider a partial Latin square $P$ where the first two rows and first three columns are completely filled, and every other cell of $P$ is empty. It has been conjectured that all such partial Latin squares of order at least $8$ are…
Certain generalization of Euler numbers was defined in 1935 by Lehmer using cubic roots of unity, as a natural generalization of Bernoulli and Euler numbers. In this paper, Lehmer's generalized Euler numbers are studied to give certain…
A family of lines through the origin in Euclidean space is called equiangular if any pair of lines defines the same angle. The problem of estimating the maximum cardinality of such a family in $\mathbb{R}^n$ was extensively studied for the…
One of the many number theoretic topics investigated by the ancient Greeks was perfect numbers, which are positive integers equal to the sum of their proper positive integral divisors. Mathematicians from Euclid to Euler investigated these…
In this paper, we study the so-called 'Mathematical part' of Plato's Theaetetus. Its subject concerns the incommensurability of certain magnitudes, in modern terms the question of the rationality or irrationality of the square roots of…
In this note, we intend to produce all latin squares from one of them using suitable move which is defined by small trades and do the similar work on 4-cycle systems. These problems, reformulate as finding basis for the kernel of special…
Using multiple Bernoulli series, we give a formula in the spirit of Euler MacLaurin formula. We also give a wall crossing formula and a decomposition formula. The study of these series is motivated by formulae of E.Witten for volumes of…
The main purpose of this paper is to construct new families of special numbers with their generating functions. These numbers are related to the many well-known numbers, which are the Bernoulli numbers, the Fibonacci numbers, the Lucas…
A latin square of order $n$ is an $n\times n$ array of $n$ symbols in which each symbol occurs exactly once in each row and column. A transversal of such a square is a set of $n$ entries such that no two entries share the same row, column…
General methods for the construction of magic squares of any order have been searched for centuries. There have been several standard strategies for this purpose, such as the knight movement, or the construction of bordered magic squares,…
In this paper we construct a new q-Euler numbers and polynomials. By using these numbers and polynomials, we give the interesting formulae related to alternating sums of powers of consecutive q-integers following an idea due to Euler.
A classical question in combinatorics is the following: given a partial latin square P, when can we complete P to a latin square L? In this paper, we will investigate the class of \leq\epsilon-dense partial latin squares: partial latin…
A novel kind of self-referential square matrix is introduced. A certain subset of the matrix entries record the frequencies of occurrence of each distinct number appearing within the entire matrix. Such squares are necessarily elusive. Our…
For $\mu$ given latin squares of order $n$, they have {\sf $k$ intersection} when they have $k$ identical cells and $n^2-k$ cells with mutually different entries. For each $n\geq 1$ the set of integers $k$ such that there exist $\mu$ latin…
The chromatic number of a cyclic Latin square of order 2n is 2n+2. The available proof for this statement includes a coloring that is rather lengthy. Here, we introduce a coloring of cyclic Latin square of even order 2n (the Latin square of…
This paper will present some intuitive interpretation of the parastrophe transformations of arbitrary Latin square. With this trick, we can generate the parastrophes of arbitrary Latin square directly from the original one without…
We prove that there exist infinitely many quartic rational Diophantine quadruples, that is, sets of four pairwise distinct nonzero rational numbers whose pairwise products increased by 1 are fourth powers in Q. To the best of our knowledge,…
In this paper, real matrix representations of split quaternions are examined in terms of the casual character of quaternion. Then, we give De-Moivre' s formula for real matrices of timelike and spacelike split quaternions, separately.…
We review a general parameterization of an order-3 magic square derived by Lucas and we compound it to produce a parameterized order-9 magic square. Sequential compounding to higher order also is treated. Expressions are found for the…
Euler noted the relation $6^3=3^3+4^3+5^3$ and asked for other instances of cubes that are sums of consecutive cubes. Similar problems have been studied by Cunningham, Catalan, Gennochi, Lucas, Pagliani, Cassels, Uchiyama, Stroeker and…