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In this article, we will introduce methods of non-standard analysis into projective geometry. Especially, we will analyze the properties of a projective space over a non-Archimedean field. Non-Archimedean fields contain numbers that are…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Michael Strobel

This is a non-standard paper, containing some problems, mainly in model theory, which I have, in various degrees, been interested in. Sometimes with a discussion on what I have to say; sometimes, of what makes them interesting to me,…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Saharon Shelah

We use nonstandard analysis to study the problem of expressing a Gaussian integral in terms of the limiting behavior of a sequence of spherical integrals. Peterson and Sengupta proved that if a Gaussian measure $\mu$ has full support on a…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Irfan Alam

This is a writeup of lectures on "statistics" that have evolved from the initial version for the 2009 Hadron Collider Physics Summer School at CERN to versions for other venues and, most recently, for the African School of Fundamental…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-06-27 Robert D. Cousins

In section 1 of this paper, we characterize the isomorphism property of nonstandard universes in terms of the realization of some second--order types in model theory. In section 2, several applications are given. One of the applications…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Renling Jin , Saharon Shelah

We give a survey of the use of infinitesimals within mathematical analysis to rigorously deal with the delta-function from physics, and more generally, with distributions in the sense of L. Schwartz. We use the framework of nonstandard…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Hans Vernaeve

In 2011, Wooten introduced Non-Response Analysis the founding theory in Implicit Regression where Implicit Regression treats the variables implicitly as codependent variables and not as an explicit function with dependent or independent…

Applications · Statistics 2015-12-17 R. D. Wooten , K. Baah , J. D'Andrea

O the third version of this response-paper to Imamura criticism, we recall that NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century old neutrosophic operators (1995)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Florentin Smarandache

These are notes from a mini-course about the main results of arXiv:2206.03438: I explain how, using suitable valued fields, one obtains a natural notion of canonical stratifications (of e.g. algebraic subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$). I also…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Immanuel Halupczok

Taking an algebraic perspective on the basic structures of Rough Concept Analysis as the starting point, in this paper we introduce some varieties of lattices expanded with normal modal operators which can be regarded as the natural rough…

Longitudinal studies are subject to nonresponse when individuals fail to provide data for entire waves or particular questions of the survey. We compare approaches to nonresponse bias analysis (NRBA) in longitudinal studies and illustrate…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-31 Yajuan Si , Roderick Little , Ya Mo , Nell Sedransk

This paper presents a simple method for carrying out inference in a wide variety of possibly nonlinear IV models under weak assumptions. The method is non-asymptotic in the sense that it provides a finite sample bound on the difference…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-09-12 Joel L. Horowitz

Sequence-to-sequence models with an implicit alignment mechanism (e.g. attention) are closing the performance gap towards traditional hybrid hidden Markov models (HMM) for the task of automatic speech recognition. One important factor to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-21 Wilfried Michel , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Projection-based model reduction has become a popular approach to reduce the cost associated with integrating large-scale dynamical systems so they can be used in many-query settings such as optimization and uncertainty quantification. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Han Gao , Jian-Xun Wang , Matthew J. Zahr

Two popular approaches for relating correlated measurements of a non-Gaussian response variable to a set of predictors are to fit a marginal model using generalized estimating equations and to fit a generalized linear mixed model by…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-23 Jeffrey J. Gory , Peter F. Craigmile , Steven N. MacEachern

Relative monads provide a controlled view of computation. We generalise the monadic metalanguage to a relative setting and give a complete semantics with strong relative monads. Adopting this perspective, we generalise two existing program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jack Liell-Cock , Zev Shirazi , Sam Staton

Linear response theory is a tool with which one can study systems that are driven out of equilibrium by external perturbations. This monograph presents a thoroughly modern framework to make linear response theory rigorous for a wide array…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-12-07 Giuseppe De Nittis , Max Lein

This short review is an introduction to a great variety of methods, the collection of which is called the Painlev\'e analysis, intended at producing all kinds of exact (as opposed to perturbative) results on nonlinear equations, whether…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2017-10-16 Robert Conte , Micheline Musette

Using nonstandard analysis (NSA), the proof of the Laplace's formula is given. The usage of NSA reduces the intricacy of taking limit, and the crude line of the proof would be clearly seen, compared to the done with the rigorous classical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Ryushi Ozaki

This paper proposes a new extended-state observer-based framework for adaptive nonlinear regulator design of a class of nonlinear systems, in the general nonequilibrium theory. By augmenting an extended-state observer with an internal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Lei Wang , Christopher M. Kellett