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Consider a scenario where we have access to train data with both covariates and outcomes while test data only contains covariates. In this scenario, our primary aim is to predict the missing outcomes of the test data. With this objective in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-29 Masahiro Kato , Kota Matsui , Ryo Inokuchi

Observational data is often readily available in large quantities, but can lead to biased causal effect estimates due to the presence of unobserved confounding. Recent works attempt to remove this bias by supplementing observational data…

The problem of assigning probabilities when little is known is analized in the case where the quanities of interest are physical observables, i.e. can be measured and their values expressed by numbers. It is pointed out that the assignment…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-08-29 Vesselin I. Dimitrov

Capture-recapture methods aim to estimate the size of a closed population on the basis of multiple incomplete enumerations of individuals. In many applications, the individual probability of being recorded is heterogeneous in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-08 James E. Johndrow , Kristian Lum , Daniel Manrique-Vallier

We introduce a multiscale test statistic based on local order statistics and spacings that provides simultaneous confidence statements for the existence and location of local increases and decreases of a density or a failure rate. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-08-07 Lutz Duembgen , Günther Walther

Data-driven risk analysis involves the inference of probability distributions from measured or simulated data. In the case of a highly reliable system, such as the electricity grid, the amount of relevant data is often exceedingly limited,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-11 Simon H. Tindemans , Goran Strbac

A basic issue in both teaching of and practice of statistics is the interplay between modelling assumptions and inference performance. The general message conveyed is that stronger assumptions lead to better statistical performance of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Morten Byholt , Nils Lid Hjort

Variable selection in sparse regression models is an important task as applications ranging from biomedical research to econometrics have shown. Especially for higher dimensional regression problems, for which the link function between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Burim Ramosaj , Markus Pauly

In this paper the Bayesian analysis is applied to assign a probability density to the value of a quantity having a definite sign. This analysis is logically consistent with the results, positive or negative, of repeated measurements.…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-11-13 D Calonico , F Levi , L Lorini , G Mana

Under mild conditions, it is shown the strong consistency of the Bayes estimator of the density. Moreover, the Bayes risk (for some common loss functions) of the Bayes estimator of the density (i.e. the posterior predictive density) reaches…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-25 A. G. Nogales

In high-dimensional problems, choosing a prior distribution such that the corresponding posterior has desirable practical and theoretical properties can be challenging. This begs the question: can the data be used to help choose a good…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Ryan Martin , Stephen G. Walker

When epidemiologic studies are conducted in a subset of the population, selection bias can threaten the validity of causal inference. This bias can occur whether or not that selected population is the target population, and can occur even…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-07 Louisa H. Smith , Tyler J. VanderWeele

Preferential sampling provides a formal modeling specification to capture the effect of bias in a set of sampling locations on inference when a geostatistical model is used to explain observed responses at the sampled locations. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-21 Shinichiro Shirota , Alan E. Gelfand

Kernel estimation of a probability density function supported on the unit interval has proved difficult, because of the well known boundary bias issues a conventional kernel density estimator would necessarily face in this situation.…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-03-19 Gery Geenens

Analysis of random censored life-time data along with some related stochastic covariables is of great importance in many applied sciences like medical research, population studies and planning etc. The parametric estimation technique…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu

We address the problem of learning an unknown smooth function and its derivatives from noisy pointwise evaluations under the supremum norm. While classical nonparametric regression provides a strong theoretical foundation, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Davide Maran , Marcello Restelli

Observational cohort studies with oversampled exposed subjects are typically implemented to understand the causal effect of a rare exposure. Because the distribution of exposed subjects in the sample differs from the source population,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-14 Sherri Rose

We consider the problem of estimating the predictive density of future observations from a non-parametric regression model. The density estimators are evaluated under Kullback--Leibler divergence and our focus is on establishing the exact…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-12 Xinyi Xu , Feng Liang

Familiar statistical tests and estimates are obtained by the direct observation of cases of interest: a clinical trial of a new drug, for instance, will compare the drug's effects on a relevant set of patients and controls. Sometimes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-09 Bradley Efron

Jittering estimators are nonparametric function estimators for mixed data. They extend arbitrary estimators from the continuous setting by adding random noise to discrete variables. We give an in-depth analysis of the jittering kernel…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-15 Thomas Nagler