Related papers: Closed form summation of C-finite sequences

Two classes of finite trigonometric sums, each involving only $\sin$'s, are evaluated in closed form. The previous and original proofs arise from Ramanujan's theta functions and modular equations.

A new explicit closed-form formula for the multivariate $(n, k)$th partial Bell polynomial $B_{n,k} (x_1, x_2, ..., x_{n - k + 1})$ is deduced. The formula involves multiple summations and makes it possible, for the first time, to easily…

A summation formula is derived for the sum of the first m+1 terms of the 3F2(a,b,c;(a+b+1)/2,2c;1) series when c = -m is a negative integer. This summation formula is used to derive a formula for the sum of a terminating double…

In this methodological paper, we first review the classic cubic Diophantine equation $a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = d^3$, and consider the specific class of solutions $q_1^3 + q_2^3 + q_3^3 = q_4^3$ with each $q_i$ being a binary quadratic form. Next…

Let $\mathcal{F}_n$ be the set of unitary polynomials of degree $n \ge 2$ that have their roots in $\mathbb{Z}^*$. We note $$ Q(x) := x^n+a_{1}x^{n-1}+\dots+a_{n}. $$ We show that any two fixed consecutive coefficients $(a_{j},a_{j+1})$ ($j…

An end sum is a non-compact analogue of a connected sum. Suppose we are given two connected, oriented $n$-manifolds $M_1$ and $M_2$. Recall that to form their connected sum one chooses an $n$-ball in each $M_i$, removes its interior, and…

Let $x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n}$ be $n$ numbers, and $y_{1},y_{2},\ldots,y_{n}$ be $n$ further numbers chosen such that all $n^{2}$ pairwise sums $x_{i}+y_{j}$ are nonzero. Consider the $n\times n$-matrix \[ C:=\left(…

Let $(F_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be the Fibonacci sequence. Define $P(F_n): = (\sum_{i=1}^n F_i)_{n\ge 1}$; that is, the function $P$ gives the sequence of partial sums of $(F_n)$. In this paper, we first give an identity involving $P^k(F_n)$, which is…

We introduce a subclass of linear recurrence sequences which we call poly-rational sequences because they are denoted by rational expressions closed under sum and product. We show that this class is robust by giving several…

We present a theorem on taking the repeated indefinite summation of a holomorphic function $\phi(z)$ in a vertical strip of $\mathbb{C}$ satisfying exponential bounds as the imaginary part grows. We arrive at this result using transforms…

Summation of a large class of the functional series, which terms contain factorials, is considered. We first investigated finite partial sums for integer arguments. These sums have the same values in real and all p-adic cases. The…

We describe a simple method that produces automatically closed forms for the coefficients of continued fractions expansions of a large number of special functions. The function is specified by a non-linear differential equation and initial…

Positive definite forms $f$ which are sums of squares are constructed to have the additional property that the members of any collection of forms whose squares sum to $f$ must share a nontrivial complex root.

If $M$ is a set of nonsingular $k\times k$ matrices then for many pairs of matrices, $A,B\in M,$ the sum is nonsingular, $\det(A+B)\neq 0.$ We prove a more general statement on nonsingular sums with an application.

Given an infinite sequence of positive integers $\cA$, we prove that for every nonnegative integer $k$ the number of solutions of the equation $n=a_1+...+a_k$, $a_1,\,..., a_k\in \cA$, is not constant for $n$ large enough. This result is a…

Linear recursions of degree $k$ are determined by evaluating the sequence of Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials, $\{F_{k,n}(t_1,...,t_k)\}$ (isobaric reflects of the complete symmetric polynomials) at the integer vectors $(t_1,...,t_k)$. If…

Let $F_1,\ldots,F_R$ be homogeneous polynomials of degree $d\ge 2$ with integer coefficients in $n$ variables, and let $\mathbf{F}=(F_1,\ldots,F_R)$. Suppose that $F_1,\ldots,F_R$ is a non-singular system and $n\ge 4^{d+2}d^2R^5$. We prove…

We are interested in solutions of a norm form equation that takes values in a given multi-recurrence. We show that among the solutions there are only finitely many values in each component which lie in the given multi-recurrence unless the…

We use initially regular sequences that consist of linear sums to explore the depth of $R/I^2$, when $I$ is a monomial ideal in a polynomial ring $R$. We give conditions under which these linear sums form regular or initially regular…

We show that every real nonnegative polynomial $f$ can be approximated as closely as desired by a sequence of polynomials $\{f_\epsilon\}$ that are sums of squares. Each $f_\epsilon$ has a simple et explicit form in terms of $f$ and…