Related papers: Definitions with no quantifier alternation

The parameter $q(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over the family of symmetric matrices described by $G$. It is shown that the minimum number of edges necessary for a connected graph $G$ to have $q(G)=2$ is…

A \emph{biclique} is a maximal bipartite complete induced subgraph of $G$. Bicliques have been studied in the last years motivated by the large number of applications. In particular, enumeration of the maximal bicliques has been of interest…

A set of vertices $S$ \emph{resolves} a connected graph $G$ if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in $S$. The \emph{metric dimension} of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of $G$.…

An automata network with $n$ components over a finite alphabet $Q$ of size $q$ is a discrete dynamical system described by the successive iterations of a function $f:Q^n\to Q^n$. In most applications, the main parameter is the interaction…

We call a finite undirected graph minimally k-matchable if it has at least k distinct perfect matchings but deleting any edge results in a graph which has not. An odd subdivision of some graph G is any graph obtained by replacing every edge…

A graph $G$ contains another graph $H$ as an immersion if $H$ can be obtained from a subgraph of $G$ by splitting off edges and removing isolated vertices. There is an obvious necessary degree condition for the immersion containment: if $G$…

A vertex set $D$ of a graph $G$ is said to be a dominating set if every vertex of $V(G)\setminus D$ is adjacent to at least a vertex in $D$, and the domination number $\gamma(G)$ ($\gamma$, for short) is the minimum cardinality of all…

Let H be any graph. We determine (up to an additive constant) the minimum degree of a graph G which ensures that G has a perfect H-packing (also called an H-factor). More precisely, let delta(H,n) denote the smallest integer t such that…

Let P_{n,d,D} denote the graph taken uniformly at random from the set of all labelled planar graphs on {1,2,...,n} with minimum degree at least d(n) and maximum degree at most D(n). We use counting arguments to investigate the probability…

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$. A classical upper bound for the domination number of a graph $G$ having no isolated vertices is $\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$. However, for several families of graphs, we have $\gamma(G) \le…

Let \pi(G) denote the set of prime divisors of the order of a finite group G. The prime graph of G is the graph with vertex set \pi(G) with edges {p,q} if and only if there exists an element of order pq in G. In this paper, we prove that a…

The boxicity of a graph $G$ is the minimum non-negative integer $k$ such that $G$ can be isomorphic to the intersection graph of a family of boxes in Euclidean $k$-space, where a box in Euclidean $k$-space is the Cartesian product of $k$…

We define, for any graph $G=(V,E)$, a boundary $\partial G \subseteq V$. The definition coincides with what one would expected for the discretization of (sufficiently nice) Euclidean domains and contains all vertices from the…

It is well known [Lov\'asz, 67] that up to isomorphism a graph~$G$ is determined by the homomorphism counts $\hom(F, G)$, i.e., the number of homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $F$ ranges over all graphs. Thus, in principle, we can answer…

The independent domination number $i(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a maximal independent set of $G$, also called an $i(G)$-set. The $i$-graph of $G$, denoted $\mathcal{I}(G)$, is the graph whose vertices correspond to the…

A $d$-dimensional box is the cartesian product $R_i\times\cdots\times R_d$ where each $R_i$ is a closed interval on the real line. The boxicity of a graph, denoted as $box(G)$, is the minimum integer $d\geq 0$ such that $G$ is the…

The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing stability, of a graph $G$ is denoted by…

For a finite group $G$, denote by $\alpha(G)$ the minimum number of vertices of any graph $\Gamma$ having $\text{Aut}(\Gamma)\cong G$. In this paper, we prove that $\alpha(G)\leq |G|$, with specified exceptions. The exceptions include four…

The degree set of a finite simple graph $G$ is the set of distinct degrees of vertices of $G$. A theorem of Kapoor, Polimeni & Wall asserts that the least order of a graph with a given degree set $\mathscr D$ is $1+\max \mathscr D$.…

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ and $Q_G(x)= det(xI-Q(G))= \sum_{i=1}^n (-1)^i \varphi_i x^{n-i}$ be the characteristic polynomial of the signless Laplacian matrix of a graph $G$. We give some transformations of $G$ which decrease all…