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In this paper, we extend the notion of a merge tree to that of a generalized merge tree, a merge tree that includes 1-dimensional cycle birth information. Given a discrete Morse function on a $1$-dimensional regular CW complex, we construct…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Julian Brüggemann , Nicholas A. Scoville

Arborified multiple zeta values are a generalization of multiple zeta values associated with rooted trees. There are two types of decorated rooted trees, corresponding respectively to the series and the integral expressions. Manchon…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Ku-Yu Fan

We propose a definition of branching-type stationary stochastic processes on rooted trees and related definitions of hyper-positivity for functions on the unit circle and functions on the set of non-negative integers. We then obtain (1) a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-13 Yanqi Qiu , Zipeng Wang

In this paper we propose a notion of pattern avoidance in binary trees that generalizes the avoidance of contiguous tree patterns studied by Rowland and non-contiguous tree patterns studied by Dairyko, Pudwell, Tyner, and Wynn.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Petr Gregor , Torsten Mütze , Namrata

The use of machine learning algorithms in finance, medicine, and criminal justice can deeply impact human lives. As a consequence, research into interpretable machine learning has rapidly grown in an attempt to better control and fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Thibaut Vidal , Toni Pacheco , Maximilian Schiffer

We generalize and reprove an identity of Parker and Loday. It states that certain pairs of generating series associated to pairs of labelled rooted planar trees are mutually inverse under composition.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Roland Bacher

We consider a probability distribution on the set of Boolean functions in n variables which is induced by random Boolean expressions. Such an expression is a random rooted plane tree where the internal vertices are labelled with connectives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus , Cécile Mailler

The generating polynomial of permutations of size $n$, counted by the number of alternating runs, has a root at $-1$ of multiplicity $\lfloor (n-2)/2 \rfloor$ for all $n \ge 2$. This result can be derived by combining the David--Barton…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Qiongqiong Pan , Yunze Wang , Jiang Zeng

We provide a fundamental result for bucket increasing trees, which gives a complete characterization of all families of bucket increasing trees that can be generated by a tree evolution process. We also provide several equivalent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Markus Kuba , Alois Panholzer

Studying the virtual Euler characteristic of the moduli space of curves, Harer and Zagier compute the generating function $C_g(z)$ of unicellular maps of genus $g$. They furthermore identify coefficients, $\kappa^{\star}_{g}(n)$, which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-25 Thomas J. X. Li , Christian M. Reidys

It is shown that the generating function for tree graphs in the "in-in" formalism may be calculated by solving the classical equations of motion subject to certain constraints. This theorem is illustrated by application to the evolution of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-02-23 Steven Weinberg

In the field of enumeration of weighted walks confined to the quarter plane, it is known that the generating functions behave very differently depending on the chosen step set; in practice, the techniques used in the literature depend on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Thomas Dreyfus , Andrew Elvey Price , Kilian Raschel

Rooted, weighted continuum random trees are used to describe limits of sequences of random discrete trees. Formally, they are random quadruples $(\mathcal{T},d,r,p)$, where $(\mathcal{T},d)$ is a tree-like metric space, $r\in\mathcal{T}$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Noah Forman

The generalized knots-quivers correspondence extends the original knots-quivers correspondence, by allowing higher level generators of quiver generating series. In this paper we explore the underlined combinatorics of such generating…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Dušan Đorđević , Marko Stošić

We present several results that rely on arguments involving the combinatorics of "bushy trees". These include the fact that there are arbitrarily slow-growing diagonally noncomputable (DNC) functions that compute no Kurtz random real, as…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Mushfeq Khan , Joseph S. Miller

This work concerns a construction of pattern-avoiding inversion sequences from right to left we call the generating tree growing on the left. We first apply this construction to inversion sequences avoiding 201 and 210, resulting in a new…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Benjamin Testart

We propose a robust method for estimating dynamic 3D curvilinear branching structure from monocular images. While 3D reconstruction from images has been widely studied, estimating thin structure has received less attention. This problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Kyle Simek , Ravishankar Palanivelu , Kobus Barnard

We characterize the generating function of bipartite planar maps counted according to the degree distribution of their black and white vertices. This result is applied to the solution of the hard particle and Ising models on random planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Gilles Schaeffer

We study the supersymmetric ground states of the Kronecker model of quiver quantum mechanics. This is the simplest quiver with two gauge groups and bifundamental matter fields, and appears universally in four-dimensional N=2 systems. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-03 Clay Cordova , Shu-Heng Shao

Bipolar orientations of planar maps have recently attracted some interest in combinatorics, probability theory and theoretical physics. Plane bipolar orientations with $n$ edges are known to be counted by the $n$th Baxter number $b(n)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-26 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Éric Fusy , Kilian Raschel
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