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We prove that in both the free and the wired uniform spanning forest (FUSF and WUSF) of any unimodular random rooted network (in particular, of any Cayley graph), it is impossible to distinguish the connected components of the forest from…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Tom Hutchcroft , Asaf Nachmias

I. M. Chiswell has asked whether every group that admits a free isometric action (without inversions) on a $\Lambda$-tree is orderable. We give an example of a multiple HNN extension $\Gamma$ which acts freely on a $\mathbb{Z}^2$-tree but…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-10 Shane O. Rourke

We prove that every graph which admits a tree-decomposition into finite parts has a rooted tree-decomposition into finite parts that is linked, tight and componental. As an application, we obtain that every graph without half-grid minor has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Sandra Albrechtsen , Raphael W. Jacobs , Paul Knappe , Max Pitz

We prove a refinement of the tree packing theorem by Tutte/Nash-Williams for finite graphs. This result is used to obtain a similar result for end faithful spanning tree packings in certain infinite graphs and consequently to establish a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-19 Florian Lehner

The number of spanning trees in a graph $G$ is the total number of distinct spanning subgraphs of $G$ that are trees. In this paper we characterize the unique graph with a prescribed vertex (resp. edge) connectivity, minimum degree and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu , Ivan Damnjanović

It has hitherto been known that in a transitive unimodular graph, each tree in the wired spanning forest has only one end a.s. We dispense with the assumptions of transitivity and unimodularity, replacing them with a much broader condition…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-04-27 Russell Lyons , Benjamin J. Morris , Oded Schramm

Let $T$ be a tree, a vertex of degree one is a leaf of $T$ and a vertex of degree at least three is a branch vertex of $T$. For two distinct vertices $u,v$ of $T$, let $P_T[u,v]$ denote the unique path in $T$ connecting $u$ and $v.$ For a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Pham Hoang Ha

A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

Given two convex polytopes, the join, the cartesian product and the direct sum of them are well understood. In this paper we extend these three kinds of products to abstract polytopes and introduce a new product, called the topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-14 Ian Gleason , Isabel Hubard

We introduce a general method for showing under weak forcing axioms that reduced products of countable models of a theory $T$ have as few automorphisms as possible. We show that such forcing axioms imply that reduced products of countably…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Ben De Bondt , Ilijas Farah , Alessandro Vignati

The celebrated formula of Otter \emph{[Ann. of Math. (2) 49 (1948), 583--599]} asserts that the complete graph contains exponentially many non-isomorphic spanning trees. In this paper, we show that every connected almost regular graph with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Hyunwoo Lee

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, $\dend(G)$ of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ if $a \neq b$ and there exists an endomorphism on $G$ mapping…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Midhuna V Ajith , Peter J Cameron , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

We show that products of sufficiently thick Cantor sets generate trees in the plane with constant distance between adjacent vertices. Moreover, we prove that the set of choices for this distance has non-empty interior. We allow our trees to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Alex McDonald , Krystal Taylor

We prove the following indistinguishability theorem for $k$-tuples of trees in the uniform spanning forest of $\mathbb{Z}^d$: Suppose that $\mathscr{A}$ is a property of a $k$-tuple of components that is stable under finite modifications of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Tom Hutchcroft

We introduce a new class of automorphisms $\varphi$ of the non-abelian free group $F_N$ of finite rank $N \geq 2$ which contains all iwips (= fully irreducible automorphisms), but also any automorphism induced by a pseudo-Anosov…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-25 Martin Lustig

We prove the following sharp estimate for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of its vertex-degrees: a simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices has at most $(1/n^{2}) \prod_{v \in V(G)} (d(v)+1)$ spanning trees. This result is tight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Steven Klee , Bhargav Narayanan , Lisa Sauermann

We extend Edmonds' Branching Theorem to locally finite infinite digraphs. As examples of Oxley or Aharoni and Thomassen show, this cannot be done using ordinary arborescences, whose underlying graphs are trees. Instead we introduce the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-06 J. Pascal Gollin , Karl Heuer

We give a short and elementary proof of the fact that every metric space of finite asymptotic dimension can be embedded into a finite product of trees.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Daniel Kasprowski

We study under which condition an amalgamated free product or an HNN-extension over a finite subgroup admits an amenable, transitive and faithful action on an infinite countable set. We show that such an action exists if the initial groups…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Pierre Fima

We prove that the road space of an R-special tree is contractible and that a locally metrizable space containing a copy of an uncountable $\omega_1$-compact subspace of a tree is not. We also raise some questions about possible…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Mathieu Baillif