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We investigate the structure of conformally rigid graphs. Graphs are conformally rigid if introducing edge weights cannot increase (decrease) the second (last) eigenvalue of the Graph Laplacian. Edge-transitive graphs and distance-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-26 João Gouveia , Stefan Steinerberger , Rekha R. Thomas

We investigate the property of a spatial graph of having a leveled embedding and characterize the abstract graphs with this property. We show that all leveled embeddings are free and we compare leveled and paneled (also known as flat)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Senja Barthel , Fabio Buccoliero

In this paper we prove that an embedded and simply connected constant mean curvature surface with curvature large at a point contains a multi-valued graph around that point on the scale of $|A|^2$, where $|A|^2$ is the norm squared of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Giuseppe Tinaglia

In the first part of this paper, we extend the result of Li-Wang on the linearized embedding problem to a compact manifold of arbitrary dimension. Using this, we then show that any metric perturbation of a embedded $n$-sphere is also…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-07 Henri Roesch

Eigenvalues of a graph are the eigenvalues of the corresponding (0,1)-adjacency matrix. The second largest eigenvalue lambda_2 provides significant information on characteristics and structure of graphs. Therefore, finding bounds for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Bojana Mihailovic , Marija Rasajski

Mapping complex input data into suitable lower dimensional manifolds is a common procedure in machine learning. This step is beneficial mainly for two reasons: (1) it reduces the data dimensionality and (2) it provides a new data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Daniele Zambon , Lorenzo Livi , Cesare Alippi

An eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph is said to be \emph{main} if the all-1 vector is not orthogonal to the associated eigenspace. In this work, we approach the main eigenvalues of some graphs. The graphs with exactly two main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Nair Abreu , Domingos M. Cardoso , Francisca A. M. França , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

We show that the (normalized) symmetric Laplacian of a simple graph can be obtained from the partial trace over a pure bipartite quantum state that resides in a bipartite Hilbert space (one part corresponding to the vertices, the other…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-08 David E. Simmons , Justin P. Coon , Animesh Datta

Characterized are all simple undirected graphs $G$ such that any real symmetric matrix that has graph $G$ has no eigenvalues of multiplicity more than 2. All such graphs are partial 2-trees (and this follows from a result for rather general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Charles R. Johnson , Raphael Loewy , Paul Anthony Smith

Rigid frameworks in some Euclidian space are embedded graphs having a unique local realization (up to Euclidian motions) for the given edge lengths, although globally they may have several. We study the number of distinct planar embeddings…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ciprian Borcea , Ileana Streinu

Recent studies have experimentally shown that we can achieve in non-Euclidean metric space effective and efficient graph embedding, which aims to obtain the vertices' representations reflecting the graph's structure in the metric space.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-16 Atsushi Suzuki , Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki , Jing Wang , Feng Tian , Kenji Yamanishi

A uniformly discrete Euclidean graph is a graph embedded in a Euclidean space so that there is a minimum distance between distinct vertices. If such a graph embedded in an $n$-dimensional space is preserved under $n$ linearly independent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-09 Gregory McColm

Any germ of a complex analytic space is equipped with two natural metrics: the outer metric induced by the hermitian metric of the ambient space and the inner metric, which is the associated riemannian metric on the germ. These two metrics…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Walter D Neumann , Helge Møller Pedersen , Anne Pichon

A basic fact in spectral graph theory is that the number of connected components in an undirected graph is equal to the multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in the Laplacian matrix of the graph. In particular, the graph is disconnected if…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-24 James R. Lee , Shayan Oveis Gharan , Luca Trevisan

A framework (a straight-line embedding of a graph into a normed space allowing edges to cross) is globally rigid if any other framework with the same edge lengths with respect to the chosen norm is an isometric copy. We investigate global…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Sean Dewar

The concept of metric dimension has applications in a variety of fields, such as chemistry, robotic navigation, and combinatorial optimization. We show bounds for graphs with $n$ vertices and metric dimension $\beta$. For Hamiltonian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-14 Carl Joshua Quines , Michael Sun

We prove estimates for the optimal volume of thick embeddings of finite graphs into symmetric spaces, generalising results of Kolmogorov-Barzdin and Gromov-Guth for embeddings into Euclidean spaces. We distinguish two very different…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Benjamin Barrett , David Hume , Larry Guth , Elia Portnoy

We propose a novel node embedding of directed graphs to statistical manifolds, which is based on a global minimization of pairwise relative entropy and graph geodesics in a non-linear way. Each node is encoded with a probability density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Thorben Funke , Tian Guo , Alen Lancic , Nino Antulov-Fantulin

Every graph G can be embedded in a Euclidean space as a two-distance set. The Euclidean representation number of G is the smallest dimension in which G is representable by such an embedding. We consider spherical and J-spherical…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Oleg R. Musin

A rigidity theory is developed for the Euclidean and non-Euclidean placements of countably infinite simple graphs in R^d with respect to the classical l^p norms, for d>1 and 1<p<\infty. Generalisations are obtained for the Laman and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-08 D. Kitson , S. C. Power