Related papers: A Note on the Eigenvalues of the Google Matrix
In this paper we consider so-called Google matrices and show that all eigenvalues ($\lambda$) of them have a fundamental property $|\lambda|\leq 1$. The stochastic eigenvector corresponding to $\lambda=1$ called the PageRank vector plays a…
The PageRank algorithm enables to rank the nodes of a network through a specific eigenvector of the Google matrix, using a damping parameter $\alpha \in ]0,1[$. Using extensive numerical simulations of large web networks, with a special…
We build up a directed network tracing links from a given integer to its divisors and analyze the properties of the Google matrix of this network. The PageRank vector of this matrix is computed numerically and it is shown that its…
Since the advent of the Internet, quantifying the relative importance of web pages is at the core of search engine methods. According to one algorithm, PageRank, the worldwide web structure is represented by the Google matrix, whose…
PageRank is a Web page ranking technique that has been a fundamental ingredient in the development and success of the Google search engine. The method is still one of the many signals that Google uses to determine which pages are most…
An important method for search engine result ranking works by finding the principal eigenvector of the "Google matrix." Recently, a quantum algorithm for preparing this eigenvector and evidence of an exponential speedup for some scale-free…
PageRank is an algorithm introduced in 1998 and used by the Google Internet search engine. It assigns a numerical value to each element of a set of hyperlinked documents (that is, web pages) within the World Wide Web with the purpose of…
We study the properties of the Google matrix of an Ulam network generated by intermittency maps. This network is created by the Ulam method which gives a matrix approximant for the Perron-Frobenius operator of dynamical map. The spectral…
The PageRank is a popularity measure designed by Google to rank Web pages. Experiments confirm that the PageRank obeys a `power law' with the same exponent as the In-Degree. This paper presents a novel mathematical model that explains this…
We study the properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Google matrix of the Wikipedia articles hyperlink network and other real networks. With the help of the Arnoldi method we analyze the distribution of eigenvalues in the complex…
Google's PageRank method was developed to evaluate the importance of web-pages via their link structure. The mathematics of PageRank, however, are entirely general and apply to any graph or network in any domain. Thus, PageRank is now…
If $A$ is an $n\times n$ matrix whose $n$ eigenvalues are ordered in terms of decreasing modules, $|\lambda_1 | \geq |\lambda_2| \geq ... |\lambda_n|$, it is often of interest to estimate $\frac{|\lambda_2|}{|\lambda_1|}$. If $A$ is a row…
PageRank, the prestige measure for Web pages used by Google, is the stationary probability of a peculiar random walk on directed graphs, which interpolates between a pure random walk and a process where all nodes have the same probability…
PageRank (PR) is an algorithm originally developed by Google to evaluate the importance of web pages. Considering how deeply rooted Google's PR algorithm is to gathering relevant information or to the success of modern businesses, the…
In this article we will look at the PageRank algorithm used as part of the ranking process of different Internet pages in search engines by for example Google. This article has its main focus in the understanding of the behavior of PageRank…
We study the statistical properties of spectrum and eigenstates of the Google matrix of the citation network of Physical Review for the period 1893 - 2009. The main fraction of complex eigenvalues with largest modulus is determined…
The PageRank algorithm is used to rank web pages by their importance. Since its development, the PageRank algorithm is a critical and fundamental part of search engines today. PageRank is a graph-based algorithm that ranks pages based on…
We sketch the history of spectral ranking, a general umbrella name for techniques that apply the theory of linear maps (in particular, eigenvalues and eigenvectors) to matrices that do not represent geometric transformations, but rather…
We construct the Google matrix of the entire Twitter network, dated by July 2009, and analyze its spectrum and eigenstate properties including the PageRank and CheiRank vectors and 2DRanking of all nodes. Our studies show much stronger…
We study numerically the spectrum and eigenstate properties of the Google matrix of various examples of directed networks such as vocabulary networks of dictionaries and university World Wide Web networks. The spectra have gapless structure…