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We describe algebraic certificates of positivity for functions belonging to a finitely generated algebra of Borel measurable functions, with particular emphasis to algebras generated by semi-algebraic functions. In which case the standard…
Randomized higher-order computation can be seen as being captured by a lambda calculus endowed with a single algebraic operation, namely a construct for binary probabilistic choice. What matters about such computations is the probability of…
Recent advances in extreme value theory have established $\ell$-Pareto processes as the natural limits for extreme events defined in terms of exceedances of a risk functional. Here we provide methods for the practical modelling of data…
We show the existence of invariant ergodic $\sigma$-additive probability measures with full support on $X$ for a class of linear operators $L: X \to X$, where $L$ is a weighted shift operator and $X$ either is the Banach space…
We give an elementary proof of the known fact that every probability measure, defined on an arbitrary $\sigma$-field on a countable sample space $\Omega$, may in fact be extended to a probability measure on the power set of $\Omega$. This…
We consider shifts $\Pi_{n,m}$ of a partially exchangeable random partition $\Pi_\infty$ of $\mathbb{N}$ obtained by restricting $\Pi_\infty$ to $\{n+1,n+2,\dots, n+m\}$ and then subtracting $n$ from each element to get a partition of…
The extremal process of a branching random walk is the point measure recording the position of particles alive at time $n$, shifted around the expected position of the minimal position. Madaule proved that this point measure converges, as…
For a linearly ordered group $G$ let us define a subset $A\subseteq G$ to be a \emph{shift-set} if for any $x,y,z\in A$ with $y < x$ we get $x\cdot y^{-1}\cdot z\in A$. We describe the natural partial order and solutions of equations on the…
We show that if a real $x$ is strongly Hausdorff $h$-random, where $h$ is a dimension function corresponding to a convex order, then it is also random for a continuous probability measure $\mu$ such that the $\mu$-measure of the basic open…
This paper deals with the question of conditional sampling and prediction for the class of stationary max-stable processes which allow for a mixed moving maxima representation. We develop an exact procedure for conditional sampling using…
An a priori semimeasure (also known as "algorithmic probability" or "the Solomonoff prior" in the context of inductive inference) is defined as the transformation, by a given universal monotone Turing machine, of the uniform measure on the…
Subshifts of deterministic substitutions are ubiquitous objects in dynamical systems and aperiodic order (the mathematical theory of quasicrystals). Two of their most striking features are that they have low complexity (zero topological…
Let $f:\mathbb{R}^k\to \mathbb{R}$ be a measurable function, and let $\{U_i\}_{i\in\mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. Consider the random process $Z_i=f(U_{i},...,U_{i+k-1})$. We show that for all $\ell$, there is a…
Let $\mathbb{P}$ be the complete metric space consisting of positive invertible operators on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space with the Thompson metric. We introduce the notion of operator means of probability measures on $\mathbb{P}$,…
We introduce a notion of real-valued reward testing for probabilistic processes by extending the traditional nonnegative-reward testing with negative rewards. In this richer testing framework, the may and must preorders turn out to be…
We propose an elementary but effective approach to studying a general class of Poissonized tenable and balanced urns on two colors. We characterize the asymptotic behavior of the process via a partial differential equation that governs the…
A functional limit theorem for the partial maxima of a long memory stable sequence produces a limiting process that can be described as a $\beta$-power time change in the classical Fr\'echet extremal process, for $\beta$ in a subinterval of…
Under the assumption of a natural subadditive potential, the so called cylinder function, working on the symbol space we prove the existence of the ergodic invariant probability measure satisfying the equilibrium state. As an application we…
We study operations on fixpoint equation systems (FES) over arbitrary complete lattices. We investigate under which conditions these operations, such as substituting variables by their definition, and swapping the ordering of equations,…
The commuting probability of a finite group is defined to be the probability that two randomly chosen group elements commute. Let P \subset (0,1] be the set of commuting probabilities of all finite groups. We prove that every point of P is…