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Fractal geometry deals mainly with irregularity and captures the complexity of a structure or phenomenon. In this article, we focus on the approximation of set-valued functions using modern machinery on the subject of fractal geometry. We…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Parneet Kaur , Rattan Lal , Ankit Kumar , Saurabh Verma

Suppose a graph-directed iterated function system consists of maps f_e with upper estimates of the form d(f_e(x),f_e(y)) <= r_e d(x,y). Then the fractal dimension of the attractor K_v of the IFS is bounded above by the dimension associated…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2010-04-11 G. A. Edgar , Jeffrey Golds

Feature selection is an important tool to deal with high dimensional data. In unsupervised case, many popular algorithms aim at maintaining the structure of the original data. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-06 Xiaoyun Li , Chengxi Wu , Ping Li

Building upon [1], this study aims to introduce fractal geometry into graph theory, and to establish a potential theoretical foundation for complex networks. Specifically, we employ the method of substitution to create and explore…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Nero Ziyu Li

Neural network models have recently demonstrated impressive prediction performance in complex systems where chaos and unpredictability appear. In spite of the research efforts carried out on predicting future trajectories or improving their…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-30 David Valle , Alexandre Wagemakers , Alvar Daza , Miguel A. F. Sanjuán

A fractal surface is a set which is a graph of a bivariate continuous function. In the construction of fractal surfaces using IFS, vertical scaling factors in IFS are important one which characterizes a fractal feature of surfaces…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-04-07 Chol-Hui Yun , Hui-Chol Choi , Hyong-Chol O

We study new relations between countable iterated function systems (IFS) with overlaps, Smale endomorphisms and random systems with complete connections. We prove that stationary measures for countable conformal IFS with overlaps and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-02-16 Eugen Mihailescu , Mariusz Urbanski

A fractal is in essence a hierarchy with cascade structure, which can be described with a set of exponential functions. From these exponential functions, a set of power laws indicative of scaling can be derived. Hierarchy structure and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-07-13 Yanguang Chen

Local iterated function systems are an important generalisation of the standard (global) iterated function systems (IFSs). For a particular class of mappings, their fixed points are the graphs of local fractal functions and these functions…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-08-07 Michael F. Barnsley , Markus Hegland , Peter Massopust

In the first section we review recent results on the harmonic analysis of fractals generated by iterated function systems with emphasis on spectral duality. Classical harmonic analysis is typically based on groups whereas the fractals are…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Palle E. T. Jorgensen , Steen Pedersen

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the $\alpha$-fractal function and fractal approximation for a set-valued continuous map defined on a closed and bounded interval of real numbers. Also, we study some properties of such fractal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Megha Pandey , Tanmoy Som , Saurabh Verma

Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays, neutrons or light from ensembles of randomly oriented and placed deterministic fractal structures are studied theoretically. In the standard analysis, a very few parameters can be determined from SAS…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-07-24 A. Yu. Cherny , E. M. Anitas , V. A. Osipov , A. I. Kuklin

In big data analysis, a simple task such as linear regression can become very challenging as the variable dimension $p$ grows. As a result, variable screening is inevitable in many scientific studies. In recent years, randomized algorithms…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-13 Yu-Hsiang Cheng , Tzee-Ming Huang , Su-Yun Huang

Fractal AI is a theory for general artificial intelligence. It allows deriving new mathematical tools that constitute the foundations for a new kind of stochastic calculus, by modelling information using cellular automaton-like structures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Sergio Hernandez Cerezo , Guillem Duran Ballester

The attractors of iterated function systems are usually obtained as the Hausdorff limit of any non-empty compact subset under iteration. In this note we show that an iterated function system on a boundedly compact metric space has compact,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Şahin Koçak

Evolutionary Algorithms are naturally inspired approximation optimisation algorithms that usually interfere with science problems when common mathematical methods are unable to provide a good solution or finding the exact solution requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Mohammed ElKomy

The family of $V$-variable fractals provides a means of interpolating between two families of random fractals previously considered in the literature; scale irregular fractals ($V=1$) and random recursive fractals ($V=\infty$). We consider…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-04 U. Freiberg , B. M. Hambly , John E. Hutchinson

The paper examines the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) based technique as a tool for obtaining the probability density function and its derivatives, and mainly for fitting stochastic model with the fundamental probabilistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-06 A. H. Nzokem

This paper is in the form of an essay. It defines fractal tops and code space structures associated with set-attractors of hyperbolic iterated function systems (IFSs). The fractal top of an IFS is associated with a certain shift invariant…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael F. Barnsley

Data series generated by complex systems exhibit fluctuations on many time scales and/or broad distributions of the values. In both equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations, the natural fluctuations are often found to follow a scaling…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-04-07 Jan W. Kantelhardt