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For a real number $k$, define $\pi_k(x) = \sum_{p\le x} p^k$. When $k>0$, we prove that $$ \pi_k(x) - \pi(x^{k+1}) = \Omega_{\pm}\left(\frac{x^{\frac12+k}}{\log x} \log\log\log x\right) $$ as $x\to\infty$, and we prove a similar result when…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Lawrence C. Washington

In this paper we establish a number of new estimates concerning the prime counting function \pi(x), which improve the estimates proved in the literature. As an application, we deduce a new result concerning the existence of prime numbers in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Christian Axler

For $x>0$ let $\pi(x)$ denote the number of primes not exceeding $x$. For integers $a$ and $m>0$, we determine when there is an integer $n>1$ with $\pi(n)=(n+a)/m$. In particular, we show that for any integers $m>2$ and $a\le\lceil…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-11 Zhi-Wei Sun

This paper discusses a few main topics in Number Theory, such as the M\"{o}bius function and its generalization, leading up to the derivation of neat power series for the prime counting function, $\pi(x)$, and the prime-power counting…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Jose Risomar Sousa

We prove that given $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $0 < \lambda < 1$, then $\pi(x + x^\lambda) - \pi(x) \sim \displaystyle \frac{x^\lambda}{\log(x)}$. This solves a long-standing problem concerning the existence of primes in short…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Luan Alberto Ferreira

Gerard and Washington proved that, for $k > -1$, the number of primes less than $x^{k+1}$ can be well approximated by summing the $k$-th powers of all primes up to $x$. We extend this result to primes in arithmetic progressions: we prove…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Muhammet Boran , John Byun , Zhangze Li , Steven J. Miller , Stephanie Reyes

Let $\gamma<1<c$ and $19(c-1)+171(1-\gamma)<9$. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula for exponential sums over Piatetski-Shapiro primes $p=[n^{1/\gamma}]$ in arithmetic progressions.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-22 S. I. Dimitrov

Using some simple combinatorial arguments, we establish some new estimates for the prime counting function and its allied functions. In particular we show that \begin{align}\pi(x)=\Theta(x)+O\bigg(\frac{1}{\log x}\bigg), \nonumber…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Theophilus Agama

In this paper, we propose a new primality test, and then we employ this test to find a formula for {\pi} that computes the number of primes within any interval. We finally propose a new formula that computes the nth prime number as well as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-04-19 Issam Kaddoura , Samih Abdul-Nabi

Extending a classical estimate of Mertens for the sum of the reciprocals of the first primes, we provide an explicit remainder formula for products of an arbitrary, but fixed, number of primes.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Gérald Tenenbaum

In this paper we establish a general asymptotic formula for the sum of the first n prime numbers, which leads to a generalization of the most accurate asymptotic formula given by Massias and Robin in 1996.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-08 Christian Axler

It is known that the sum of the reciprocal of integers, $\sum_n (1/n)$, and the sum of the reciprocal of primes, $\sum_n (1/p_n)$, both diverge. Here, we study a series made from primes that sums exactly to 1. We also show this sum is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Ken Hicks , Kevin Ward

We provide several asymptotic expansions of the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ and related functions. We define an {\it asymptotic continued fraction expansion} of a complex-valued function of a real or complex variable to be a possibly…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-19 Jesse Elliott

The paper compares the asymptotic of the expressions $\frac {1} {x} \sum\limits_{n \leq x} {f(n)}$ and $\sum\limits_{n \leq x} {\frac {f(n)} {n}}$, $\frac {1} {x} \sum\limits_{p \leq x} {f(p)}$ and $\sum\limits_{p \leq x} {\frac {f(p)}…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Victor Leonidovich Volfson

Let $\pi(x;\gamma_1,\gamma_2)$ denote the number of primes $p$ with $p\leqslant x$ and $p=\lfloor n^{1/\gamma_1}_1\rfloor=\lfloor n^{1/\gamma_2}_2\rfloor$, where $\lfloor t\rfloor$ denotes the integer part of $t\in\mathbb{R}$ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-02 Xiaotian Li , Wenguang Zhai , Jinjiang Li

For $x\ge0$ let $\pi(x)$ be the number of primes not exceeding $x$. The asymptotic behaviors of the prime-counting function $\pi(x)$ and the $n$-th prime $p_n$ have been studied intensively in analytic number theory. Surprisingly, we find…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-26 Zhi-Wei Sun

Re presenting the traditional proof of Srinivasa Ramanujan's own favorite series for the reciprocal of $\pi$ :\begin{equation}\frac{1}{\pi} = \frac{\sqrt{8}}{9801} \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{(4n)!}{(n!)^4} \frac{1103 + 26390n}{396^{4n}} \;…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Chieh-Lei Wong

This paper gives new explicit formulas for sums of powers of integers and their reciprocals.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-03 Levent Kargın , Ayhan Dil , Mümün Can

We present the first fixed-length elementary closed-form expressions for the prime-counting function, $\pi(n)$, and the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$. These expressions are arithmetic terms, requiring only a finite and fixed number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Mihai Prunescu , Joseph M. Shunia

The primary purpose of this article is to study the asymptotic and numerical estimates in detail for higher degree polynomials in $\pi(x)$ having a general expression of the form, \begin{align*} P(\pi(x)) - \frac{e x}{\log x} Q(\pi(x/e)) +…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Subham De