Related papers: Virtual strings and their cobordisms

We study quantum corrections in the earlier proposed string theory, which is based on Weyl invariant purely extrinsic curvature action. At one-loop level it remains Weyl invariant irrespective of the dimension D of the embedding spacetime.…

String algebras, in the usual sense, are finite-dimensional algebras over a given ground field. We recall a generalisation of the definition of a string algebra, which was introduced in a previous paper of the author. This generalisation…

At the classical level we study open bosonic strings. A generic description of string self-interactions localized at string ends is given. Self-interactions are characterized by two dimensionless coupling constants. The model is rewritten…

We introduce a convenient framework for constructing and analyzing orthogonal Thom spectra arising from virtual vector bundles. This framework enables us to set up a theory of orientations and graded Thom isomorphisms with good…

Twin groups and virtual twin groups are planar analogues of braid groups and virtual braid groups, respectively. These groups play the role of braid groups in the Alexander-Markov correspondence for the theory of stable isotopy classes of…

In this paper we construct a Lie algebra representation of the algebraic string bracket on negative cyclic cohomology of an associative algebra with appropriate duality. This is a generalized algebraic version of the main theorem of [AZ]…

We construct $\mathbb{Z}_N$ orbifolds of the ten-dimensional heterotic string theories appropriate for implementing the stringy replica method for the calculation of quantum entanglement entropy. A novel feature for the heterotic string is…

A virtual link can be understood as a link in a trivial I-bundle over an orientable compact surface with genus. A twisted virtual link is a link in a trivial I-bundle over a not-necessarily orientable compact surface. A twisted virtual…

We review and explain an infinite-dimensional counterpart of the Hurwitz theory realization of algebraic open-closed string model a la Moore and Lizaroiu, where the closed and open sectors are represented by conjugation classes of…

We describe a way of representing finite biquandles with n elements as 2n x 2n block matrices. Any finite biquandle defines an invariant of virtual knots through counting homomorphisms. The counting invariants of non-quandle biquandles can…

Non-classical virtual knots may have non-isomorphic upper and lower quandles. We exploit this property to define the quandle difference invariant, which can detect non-classicality by comparing the numbers of homomorphisms into a finite…

We define counting and cocycle enhancement invariants of virtual knots using parity biquandles. These invariants are determined by pairs consisting of a biquandle 2-cocycle \phi^0 and a map \phi^1 with certain compatibility conditions…

A realization of a virtual link diagram is obtained by choosing over/under markings for each virtual crossing. Any realization can also be obtained from some representation of the virtual link. (A representation of a virtual link is a link…

We define the cohomogeneity one string, string with continuous symmetries, as its world surface is tangent to a Killing vector field of a target space. We classify the Killing vector fields by an equivalence relation using isometries of the…

Given a group endowed with a Z/2-valued morphism we associate a Gauss diagram theory, and show that for a particular choice of the group these diagrams encode faithfully virtual knots on a given arbitrary surface. This theory contains all…

We compute many dimensions of spaces of finite type invariants of virtual knots (of several kinds) and the dimensions of the corresponding spaces of "weight systems", finding everything to be in agreement with the conjecture that "every…

String theory in 4 dimensions has the unique feature that a topological term, the oriented self-intersection number, can be added to the usual action. It has been suggested that the corresponding theory of random surfaces wold be free from…

We describe two major string topology operations, the Chas-Sullivan product and the Goresky-Hingston coproduct, from geometric and algebraic perspectives. The geometric construction uses Thom-Pontrjagin intersection theory while the…

We define a generalization of virtual links to arbitrary dimensions by extending the geometric definition due to Carter et al. We show that many homotopy type invariants for classical links extend to invariants of virtual links. We also…

Using basic homotopy constructions, we show that isomorphism classes of string structures on spin bundles are naturally given by certain degree 3 cohomology classes, which we call string classes, on the total space of the bundle. Using a…