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We study quantum dichotomies and the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability using a generalization of Strassen's theorem on preordered semirings. We find that an asymptotic variant of relative submajorization, defined on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Christopher Perry , Péter Vrana , Albert H. Werner

We investigate numerical semigroups generated by any quadratic sequence with initial term zero and an infinite number of terms. We find an efficient algorithm for calculating the Ap\'ery set, as well as bounds on the elements of the Ap\'ery…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Mara Hashuga , Megan Herbine , Alathea Jensen

The average properties of the well-known Subset Sum Problem can be studied by the means of its randomised version, where we are given a target value $z$, random variables $X_1, \ldots, X_n$, and an error parameter $\varepsilon > 0$, and we…

Quadratic descent of hermitian and skew hermitian forms over division algebras with involution of the first kind in arbitrary characteristic is investigated and a criterion, in terms of systems of quadratic forms, is obtained. A refined…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Amir Hossein Nokhodkar

A Diophantine $m$-tuple is a set $A$ of $m$ positive integers such that $ab+1$ is a perfect square for every pair $a,b$ of distinct elements of $A$. We derive an asymptotic formula for the number of Diophantine quadruples whose elements are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Greg Martin , Scott Sitar

A transitive permutation group is semiprimitive if each of its normal subgroups is transitive or semiregular. Interest in this class of groups is motivated by two sources: problems arising in universal algebra related to collapsing monoids…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-14 Michael Giudici , Luke Morgan

A semi-measure is a generalization of a probability measure obtained by relaxing the additivity requirement to super-additivity. We introduce and study several randomness notions for left-c.e. semi-measures, a natural class of effectively…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-18 Laurent Bienvenu , Rupert Hölzl , Christopher P. Porter , Paul Shafer

Many learning machines such as normal mixtures and layered neural networks are not regular but singular statistical models, because the map from a parameter to a probability distribution is not one-to-one. The conventional statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Koshi Yamada , Sumio Watanabe

The quantum Haar random oracle model is an idealized model where every party has access to a single Haar random unitary and its inverse. We construct strong pseudorandom unitaries in the quantum Haar random oracle model. This strictly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Prabhanjan Ananth , John Bostanci , Aditya Gulati , Yao-Ting Lin

We introduce a probability distribution Q on the group of permutations of the set Z of integers. Distribution Q is a natural extension of the Mallows distribution on the finite symmetric group. A one-sided infinite counterpart of Q,…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-04 Alexander Gnedin , Grigori Olshanski

We employ an extension of ergodic theory to the random setting to investigate the existence of random periodic solutions of random dynamical systems. Given that a random dynamical system has a dissipative structure, we proved that a random…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-25 Kenneth Uda

In this paper, we introduce a convergence notion for ordered selections. Our convergence notion is based on subpermutation densities and convergences of the marginal distributions. A particular case of this convergence is the well-known…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 B. Fazekas , I. Fazekas

We study a new class of functions that arise naturally in quaternionic analysis, we call them "quasi regular functions". Like the well-known quaternionic regular functions, these functions provide representations of the quaternionic…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Igor Frenkel , Matvei Libine

In this survey we summarize properties of pseudorandomness and non-randomness of some number-theoretic sequences and present results on their behaviour under the following measures of pseudorandomness: balance, linear complexity,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Arne Winterhof

Words are sequences of letters over a finite alphabet. We study two intimately related topics for this object: quasi-randomness and limit theory. With respect to the first topic we investigate the notion of uniform distribution of letters…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Hiêp Hàn , Marcos Kiwi , Matías Pavez-Signé

There is only one fully supported ergodic invariant probability measure for the adic transformation on the space of infinite paths in the graph that underlies the Eulerian numbers. This result may partially justify a frequent assumption…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-08-10 Sarah Bailey Frick , Karl Petersen

Up-down permutations are counted by tangent resp. secant numbers. Considering words instead, where the letters are produced by independent geometric distributions, there are several ways of introducing this concept; in the limit they all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Helmut Prodinger

In a normed space setting, this paper studies the conditions under which the projected solutions to a quasi equilibrium problem with non-self constraint map exist. Our approach is based on an iterative algorithm which gives rise to a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Monica Bianchi , Enrico Miglierina , Maede Ramazannejad

Consider the representation of a rational number as a continued fraction, associated with "odd" Euclidean algorithm. In this paper we prove certain properties for the limit distribution function for sequences of rationals with bounded sum…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-25 Elena Zhabitskaya

Two Poisson structures invariant with respect to discrete transformation of the Maximal root in the case of arbitrary semi-simple algebras are presented in explicit form. Thus the problem of construction of equations of n-wave hierarchy in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-01-17 A. N. Leznov
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