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This paper introduces the concept of a generating set for stochastic matrices -- a subset of matrices whose repeated composition generates the entire set. Understanding such generating sets requires specifying the "indivisible elements" and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Frederik vom Ende , Fereshte Shahbeigi

We obtain an index of the complexity of a random sequence by allowing the role of the measure in classical probability theory to be played by a function we call the generating mechanism. Typically, this generating mechanism will be a finite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2008-12-11 Finn Macleod , James Gleeson

Net-trees are a general purpose data structure for metric data that have been used to solve a wide range of algorithmic problems. We give a simple randomized algorithm to construct net-trees on doubling metrics using $O(n\log n)$ time in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Mahmoodreza Jahanseir , Donald R. Sheehy

Trees -- i.e., the type of data structure known under this name -- are central to many aspects of knowledge organization. We investigate some central design choices concerning the ontological modeling of such trees. In particular, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-17 David Carral , Pascal Hitzler , Hilmar Lapp , Sebastian Rudolph

We consider the problem of uniformly generating a spanning tree, of a connected undirected graph. This process is useful to compute statistics, namely for phylogenetic trees. We describe a Markov chain for producing these trees. For cycle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Luís M. S. Russo , Andreia Sofia Teixeira , Alexandre P Francisco

Tree-controlled grammars are context-free grammars where the derivation process is controlled in such a way that every word on a level of the derivation tree must belong to a certain control language. We investigate the generative capacity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Bianca Truthe

We introduce a new notation for representing labeled regular bipartite graphs of arbitrary degree. Several enumeration problems for labeled and unlabeled regular bipartite graphs have been introduced. A general algorithm for enumerating all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Vivek S. Nittoor

The theory of Hubbard trees provides an effective classification of non-linear post-critically finite polynomial maps from \C to itself. This note will extend this classification to the case of maps from a finite union of copies of \C to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Alfredo Poirier

We begin a systematic study of the enumerative combinatorics of mixed succession rules, which are succession rules such that, in the associated generating tree, the nodes are allowed to produce their sons at several different levels…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-05 Silvia Bacchelli , Luca Ferrari , Renzo Pinzani , Renzo Sprugnoli

Extreme classification problems are multiclass and multilabel classification problems where the number of outputs is so large that straightforward strategies are neither statistically nor computationally viable. One strategy for dealing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-05 Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis

In this paper, for a given finitely generated algebra (an algebraic structure with arbitrary operations and no predicates) A we study finitely generated limit algebras of A, approaching them via model theory and algebraic geometry. Along…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2008-08-20 E. Daniyarova , A. Myasnikov , V. Remeslennikov

End-spaces of infinite graphs naturally generalise the Freudenthal boundary and sit at the interface between graph theory, geometric group theory and topology. Our main result is that every end-space can topologically be represented by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Jan Kurkofka , Max Pitz

We reduce the problem of constructing asymptotically good tree codes to the construction of triangular totally nonsingular matrices over fields with polynomially many elements. We show a connection of this problem to Birkhoff interpolation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Pavel Pudlák

The in-order traversal provides a natural correspondence between binary trees with a decreasing vertex labeling and endofunctions on a finite set. By suitably restricting the vertex labeling we arrive at a class of trees that we call…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-09 Giulio Cerbai , Anders Claesson

A closed-form formula is derived for the number of occurrences of matches of a multiset of patterns among all ordered (plane-planted) trees with a given number of edges. A pattern looks like a tree, with internal nodes and leaves, but also…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Nachum Dershowitz

A phylogenetic tree shows the evolutionary relationships among species. Internal nodes of the tree represent speciation events and leaf nodes correspond to species. A goal of phylogenetics is to combine such trees into larger trees, called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Neil C. A. Moore , Patrick Prosser

Graph labeling is a technique that assigns unique labels or weights to the vertices or edges of a graph, often used to analyze and solve various graph-related problems. There are few methods with certain limitations conducted by researchers…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Arafat Islam , Md. Imtiaz Habib

The cogrowth series of a group with respect to a finite generating set is an important combinatorial quantity that seems very difficult to compute exactly, as evidenced by the scarcity of known examples. In this paper, we give a particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Mudit Aggarwal , Murray Elder , Andrew Rechnitzer

Deep generative models have been shown powerful in generating novel molecules with desired chemical properties via their representations such as strings, trees or graphs. However, these models are limited in recommending synthetic routes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Dai Hai Nguyen , Koji Tsuda

The recently developed theory of extended generating functions of symplectic maps are combined with methods to prove invertibility via high-order Taylor model methods to obtain rigorous lower bounds for the domains of definition of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-04-29 B. Erdelyi , J. Hoefkens , M. Berz