Related papers: The Number System of the Old European Script

Ancient scripts, e.g., Egyptian hieroglyphs, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and Ancient Greek inscriptions, serve as vital carriers of human civilization, embedding invaluable historical and cultural information. Automating ancient script image…

The Indus script remains one of the last major undeciphered scripts of the ancient world. We focus here on Indus inscriptions on a group of miniature tablets discovered by Meadow and Kenoyer in Harappa in 1997. By drawing parallels with…

Understanding humanity's earliest writing systems is crucial for reconstructing civilization's origins, yet many ancient scripts remain undeciphered. Oracle Bone Script (OBS) from China's Shang dynasty exemplifies this challenge: only…

Cuneiform is the earliest known system of writing, first developed for the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. Cuneiform signs are obtained by impressing a stylus on fresh clay tablets. For…

The Indus script is one of the major undeciphered scripts of the ancient world. The small size of the corpus, the absence of bilingual texts, and the lack of definite knowledge of the underlying language has frustrated efforts at…

The Codex Rossanensis is a 6th century Bizantine illuminated manuscript written on purple parchment and conserved at the Museo Diocesano in Rossano Calabro, Italy. It is one of the oldest surviving illuminated manuscripts of the New…

Palaeohispanic languages are those spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the arrival of the Romans in the 3rd Century B.C. Their study was really put on motion after G\'omez Moreno deciphered the Iberian Levantine script, one of the…

Etruscan is an ancient language spoken in Italy from the 7th century BC to the 1st century AD. There are no native speakers of the language at the present day, and its resources are scarce, as there exist only around 12,000 known…

There is little known about the methods used by the ancient Babylonians and Egyptians to arrive at their recorded estimates of the value of Pi. A surprisingly accurate estimate of Pi was recently revealed coded within a verse in the book of…

Cuneiform writing, an old art style, allows us to see into the past. Aside from Egyptian hieroglyphs, the cuneiform script is one of the oldest writing systems. Many historians place Hebrew's origins in antiquity. For example, we used the…

Jules Bloch's work on formation of the Marathi language has to be expanded further to provide for a study of evolution and formation of Indian languages in the Indian language union (sprachbund). The paper analyses the stages in the…

Most undeciphered lost languages exhibit two characteristics that pose significant decipherment challenges: (1) the scripts are not fully segmented into words; (2) the closest known language is not determined. We propose a decipherment…

Originating from China's Shang Dynasty approximately 3,000 years ago, the Oracle Bone Script (OBS) is a cornerstone in the annals of linguistic history, predating many established writing systems. Despite the discovery of thousands of…

In this paper I shall show that the formula 0:4,48 times circumference squared for the area of a circle, which occurs in a few Babylonian mathematical texts, can be traced back to at the latest the twenty-third century BCE.

As the oldest mature writing system, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) has long posed significant challenges for archaeological decipherment due to its rarity, abstractness, and pictographic diversity. Current deep learning-based methods have made…

A numeration system encodes abstract numeric quantities as concrete strings of written characters. The numeration systems used by modern scripts tend to be precise and unambiguous, but this was not so for the ancient and…

The earliest extant Chinese characters originate from oracle bone inscriptions, which are closely related to other East Asian languages. These inscriptions hold immense value for anthropology and archaeology. However, deciphering oracle…

This work explores a possible course of evolution of mathematics in ancient times in India when there was no script, no place-value system, and no zero. Reviewing examples of time-reckoning, large numbers, sacrificial altar-making, and…

Script identification and text recognition are some of the major domains in the application of Artificial Intelligence. In this era of digitalization, the use of digital note-taking has become a common practice. Still, conventional methods…

Oracle bone script, one of the earliest known forms of ancient Chinese writing, presents invaluable research materials for scholars studying the humanities and geography of the Shang Dynasty, dating back 3,000 years. The immense historical…