Related papers: Smarandache Loops
We study the topdrop map, a mapping on permutations in $S_n$ related to card shuffling. We show this map is bijective and study its orbit structure. We introduce the notion of the topdrop-necklace as a way of classifying the orbits of the…
In this paper we define some ballean structure on the power set of a group and, in particular, we study the subballean with support the lattice of all its subgroups. If $G$ is a group, we denote by $L(G)$ the family of all subgroups of $G$.…
A loop $(X,\circ)$ is said to be a Bruck loop if it satisfies the (right) Bol identity $((z\circ x)\circ y)\circ x = z\circ ((x\circ y)\circ x)$ and the automorphic inverse property $(x\circ y)^{-1}=x^{-1}\circ y^{-1}$. If $X$ is a finite…
In this paper, we present an algorithmic approach to design and construct planar truss structures based on symmetric lattices using modular elements. The method of assembly is similar to Leonardo grids as they both rely on the property of…
Let M be a closed, oriented, n -manifold, and LM its free loop space. Chas and Sullivan defined a commutative algebra structure in the homology of LM, and a Lie algebra structure in its equivariant homology. These structures are known as…
Oftentimes the elements of a ring or semigroup $H$ can be written as finite products of irreducible elements, say $a=u_1 \cdot \ldots \cdot u_k = v_1 \cdot \ldots \cdot v_{\ell}$, where the number of irreducible factors is distinct. The set…
We consider conformal defects with spins under the rotation group acting on the transverse directions. They are described in the embedding space formalism in a similar manner to spinning local operators, and their correlation functions with…
We present an extension of the duality theorem, previously defined by S. Catani et al. on the one-loop level, to higher loop orders. The duality theorem provides a relation between loop integrals and tree-level phase-space integrals. Here,…
A paratopological group $G$ has a {\it suitable set} $S$. The latter means that $S$ is a discrete subspace of $G$, $S\cup \{e\}$ is closed, and the subgroup $\langle S\rangle$ of $G$ generated by $S$ is dense in $G$. Suitable sets in…
Ulam words are binary words defined recursively as follows: the length-$1$ Ulam words are $0$ and $1$, and a binary word of length $n$ is Ulam if and only if it is expressible uniquely as a concatenation of two shorter, distinct Ulam words.…
The set of natural integers is fundamental for at least two reasons: it is the free induction algebra over the empty set (and at such allows definitions of maps by primitive recursion) and it is the free monoid over a one-element set, the…
A bottom tangle is a tangle in a cube consisting only of arc components, each of which has the two endpoints on the bottom line of the cube, placed next to each other. We introduce a subcategory B of the category of framed, oriented…
In this paper, we study the machine learning elements which we are interested in together as a machine learning system, consisting of a collection of machine learning elements and a collection of relations between the elements. The…
Orbifold equivalence is a notion of symmetry that does not rely on group actions. Among other applications, it leads to surprising connections between hitherto unrelated singularities. While the concept can be defined in a very general…
The term "overlapping" refers to a certain fairly simple type of piecewise continuous function from the unit interval to itself and also to a fairly simple type of iterated function system (IFS) on the unit interval. A correspondence…
We prove that $L_2(\mathbb{R})$ contains a Schauder basis of non-negative functions. Similarly, $L_p(\mathbb{R})$ contains a Schauder basic sequence of non-negative functions such that $L_p(\mathbb{R})$ embeds into the closed span of the…
We establish a regular sampling theory in the range of the analysis operator of a continuous frame having a unitary structure. The unitary structure is related with a unitary representation of a locally compact abelian group on a separable…
When implementing the DSmT, a difficulty may arise from the possible huge dimension of hyperpower sets, which are indeed free structures. However, it is possible to reduce the dimension of these structures by involving logical constraints.…
One goal of applied category theory is to better understand networks appearing throughout science and engineering. Here we introduce "structured cospans" as a way to study networks with inputs and outputs. Given a functor $L \colon…
We construct, for every integer $N\in\mathbb{N}^*$, a structure whose Grothendieck ring is isomorphic to $(\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})[X]$, thus proving the existence of structures with a non-zero Grothendieck ring with non-zero characteristic.…