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We study scaling limits of random permutations ("permutons") constrained by having fixed densities of a finite number of patterns. We show that the limit shapes are determined by maximizing entropy over permutons with those constraints. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Richard Kenyon , Daniel Kral , Charles Radin , Peter Winkler

There are infinite processes (matrix products, continued fractions, $(r,s)$-matrix continued fractions, recurrence sequences) which, under certain circumstances, do not converge but instead diverge in a very predictable way. We give a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-07 Douglas Bowman , James Mc Laughlin

Let $S_r(p,q)$ be the $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind, the number of ways to partition a set of size $p$ into $q$ subsets of size at least $r$. For $r=1$, these are the standard Stirling numbers of the second kind, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 E. Rodney Canfield , J. William Helton , Jared A. Hughes

In this paper we study the inverse of so-called unfair permutations, and explore various properties of them. Our investigation begins with comparing this class of permutations with uniformly random permutations, and showing that they behave…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-01 İlker Arslan , Ümit Işlak , Cihan Pehlivan

Studies on partition of $I_n$ = $\{1, 2, . . . , n\}$ into subsets $S_1, S_2, . . . , S_x$ so far considered with prescribed sum of the elements in each subset. In this paper, we study constant sum partitions $\{S_1,S_2,...,S_x\}$ of $I_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-04 V. Vilfred Kamalappan , Sajidha P

For $1$-periodic functions $f$ satisfying only a weak local regularity assumption of Dini's type at rational points of $]0,1[$, we study the Farey sums $$F_n(f)= \sum_{\frac{\k}{\l}\in \F_n} f\big(\frac{\k}{\l}\big),\qq F_{n,\s}(f)=…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Michel Weber

In the first paper in this series we estimated the probability that a random permutation $\pi\in\mathcal{S}_n$ has a fixed set of a given size. In this paper, we elaborate on the same method to estimate the probability that $\pi$ has $m$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Sean Eberhard , Kevin Ford , Dimitris Koukoulopoulos

The main result of this paper states, that if a function $f:\R^2\to [0, +\infty)$ has a closed graph and the set of discontinuity points is a network (as defined by Kuratowski in Topology II, 61.IV), then the graph of $f$ is disconnected.…

General Topology · Mathematics 2013-07-17 Michal Stanislaw Wojcik

We define an $f$-restricted partition $p_f(n,k)$ of fixed length $k$ given by the bivariate generating series \begin{align*} Q_f(z,u) \coloneqq 1+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_f(n,k) u^kz^n…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Madhuparna Das , Nicolas Robles

Normal approximations for descents and inversions of permutations of the set $\{1,2,...,n\}$ are well known. A number of sequences that occur in practice, such as the human genome and other genomes, contain many repeated elements. Motivated…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-28 Mark Conger , D. Viswanath

We investigate additive properties of sets $A,$ where $A=\{a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_k\}$ is a monotone increasing set of real numbers, and the differences of consecutive elements are all distinct. It is known that $|A+B|\geq c|A||B|^{1/2}$ for any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Imre Ruzsa , Jozsef Solymosi

This paper is devoted to the study of a discrepancy-type characteristic -- the fixed volume discrepancy -- of the Fibonacci point set in the unit square. It was observed recently that this new characteristic allows us to obtain optimal rate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Vladimir Temlyakov , Mario Ullrich

A permutation P on {1,..,N} is a_fast_forward_permutation_ if for each m the computational complexity of evaluating P^m(x)$ is small independently of m and x. Naor and Reingold constructed fast forward pseudorandom cycluses and involutions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-11-02 Boaz Tsaban

An augmented generalized happy function $S_{[c,b]}$ maps a positive integer to the sum of the squares of its base $b$ digits plus $c$. In this paper, we study various properties of the fixed points of $S_{[c,b]}$; count the number of fixed…

Denote by $p(k)$ the limit, as $n \rightarrow \infty$, of the probability that a random permutation on a set of size $n$ has an invariant set of size $k$. We give an asymptotic formula for $p(k)$, showing that it is asymptotically…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Ben Green , Mehtaab Sawhney

The irregularities of a distribution of $N$ points in the unit interval are often measured with various notions of discrepancy. The discrepancy function can be defined with respect to intervals of the form $[0,t)\subset [0,1)$ or arbitrary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-27 Ralph Kritzinger , Markus Passenbrunner

For a fixed positive integer d, we show the existence of the limiting gap distribution measure for the sets of Farey fractions a/q of order Q with a not divisible by d, and respectively with q relatively prime with d, as Q tends to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-12 Florin P. Boca , Byron Heersink , Paul Spiegelhalter

New bounds on the number of similar or directly similar copies of a pattern within a finite subset of the line or the plane are proved. The number of equilateral triangles whose vertices all lie within an $n$-point subset of the plane is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Bernardo Abrego , Silvia Fernandez-Merchant , Daniel J. Katz , Levon Kolesnikov

It is solved a problem of construction of separately continuous functions on the product of compacts with a given discontinuity points set. We obtaine the following results. 1. For arbitrary \v{C}ech complete spaces $X$, $Y$ and a separable…

General Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-25 V. V Mykhaylyuk

We consider the effect on the mixing properties of a piecewise smooth interval map $f$ when its domain is divided into $N$ equal subintervals and $f$ is composed with a permutation of these. The case of the stretch-and-fold map $f(x)=mx…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-12-08 Nigel P. Byott , Mark Holland , Yiwei Zhang