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It is argued that the conventional formulation of quantum mechanics is inadequate: the usual interpretation of the mathematical formalism in terms of the results of measurements cannot be applied to situations in which discontinuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anthony Sudbery

A set $F$ of formulas is complete relative to a given class of logics, if every logic from this class can be axiomatized by formulas from $F$. A set of formulas $F$ is {\L}-complete relative to a given class of logics, if every logic of…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-07-23 Alex Citkin

Although some work has been done on the metamathematics of Metamath, there has not been a clear definition of a model for a Metamath formal system. We define the collection of models of an arbitrary Metamath formal system, both for…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-05-10 Mario Carneiro

In this paper, we provide a complete classification for the first-order Goedel logics concerning the property that the formulas admit logically equivalent prenex normal forms. We show that the only first-order Goedel logics that admit such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Matthias Baaz , Mariami Gamsakhurdia

Our understanding about things is conceptual. By stating that we reason about objects, it is in fact not the objects but concepts referring to them that we manipulate. Now, so long just as we acknowledge infinitely extending notions such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Ryuta Arisaka

Intuitively, the more powerful a theory is, the greater the variety and quantity of ideas can be expressed through its formal language. Therefore, when comparing two theories concerning the same subject, it seems only reasonable to compare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Arkady Bolotin

I distinguish two senses in which one can take a given physical theory to be `complete'. On the first, a complete physical theory is one that, in principle, completely describes physical reality. On the second, a complete physical theory is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Michael E. Cuffaro

Recently, the presence in the literature (also recent) of voluminous discussions about the interpretation of quantum mechanics has been labelled as scandalous. We claim that a weak point of the debate which hosted such a conclusion is a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-09-27 Roberto Beneduci , Franklin E. Schroeck

Let f be a G-function (in the sense of Siegel), and x be an algebraic number; assume that the value f(x) is a real number. As a special case of a more general result, we show that f(x) can be written as g(1), where g is a G-function with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-23 Stéphane Fischler , Tanguy Rivoal

G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorems suggest that no single formal system can capture the entirety of one's mathematical beliefs, while pointing at a hierarchy of systems of increasing logical strength that make progressively more explicit…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Mateusz Łelyk , Carlo Nicolai

G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem is standardly understood as showing that no sufficiently strong, consistent theory of arithmetic can prove its own consistency, a result typically interpreted against a model-theoretic background in…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Alexander V. Gheorghiu

In this paper, we argue that formal systems of first order Arithmetic that admit Goedelian undecidable propositions validly are abnormally non-constructive. We argue that, in such systems, the strong representation of primitive recursive…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bhupinder Singh Anand

The persisting gap between the formal and the informal mathematics is due to an inadequate notion of mathematical theory behind the current formalization techniques. I mean the (informal) notion of axiomatic theory according to which a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-09-21 Andrei Rodin

Quantum Mechanics (QM) stands alone as a (very) successful physical theory, but the meaning of its variables and the status of many quantities in the mathematical formalism is obscure. This unique situation prompted the need for attribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Jorge E. Horvath , Rodrigo Rosas Fernandes

Human languages employ constructions that tacitly assume specific properties of the limited range of phenomena they evolved to describe. These assumed properties are true features of that limited context, but may not be general or precise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 James B. Hartle

We describe a system of axioms that, on one hand, is sufficient for constructing the standard mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and, on the other hand, is necessary from the phenomenological standpoint. In the proposed scheme, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Slavnov

Much mathematical writing exists that is, explicitly or implicitly, based on set theory, often Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF) or one of its variants. In ZF, the domain of discourse contains only sets, and hence every mathematical object…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Ciarán Dunne , J. B. Wells , Fairouz Kamareddine

The famous G\"odel incompleteness theorem says that for every sufficiently rich formal theory (containing formal arithmetic in some natural sense) there exist true unprovable statements. Such statements would be natural candidates for being…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-10-18 Alexander Shen

In a previous preprint (quant-ph/0012122) we introduced a ``contextual objectivity" formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). A central feature of this approach is to define the quantum state in physical rather than in mathematical terms, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Philippe Grangier

Rovelli's relational interpretation of quantum mechanics tells us that the description of a system in the formalism of quantum mechanics is not an absolute, but it is relative to the observer itself. The interpretation goes further and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Pietro Dall'Olio , José A. Zapata