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Higher orders in perturbation theory require the calculation of Feynman integrals at multiple loops. We report on an approach to systematically solve Feynman integrals by means of symbolic summation and discuss the underlying algorithms.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Moch

The symmetry factor of Feynman diagrams for real and complex scalar fields is presented. Being analysis of Wick expansion for Green functions, the mentioned factor is derived in a general form. The symmetry factor can be separated into two…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-17 P. V. Dong , L. T. Hue , H. T. Hung , H. N. Long , N. H. Thao

This paper will describe how combinatorial interpretations can help us understand the algebraic structure of two aspects of perturbative quantum field theory, namely analytic Dyson-Schwinger equations and periods of scalar Feynman graphs.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-08-22 Karen Yeats

In a graph, we assign distinct integers to the vertices, and take the sum of two integers if they are on two adjacent vertices. The minimum possible number of different sums is the \emph{sum index} of this graph. In this paper, we present…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Dheer Noal Desai , Runze Wang

In the branch of mathematics known as graph theory, graphs are considered as a set of points, called vertices, with connections between these points, called edges. The purpose of this paper is to study mappings between two graphs that have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Jeffrey Beyerl , Cameron Sharpe

We study differential forms on an algebraic compactification of a moduli space of metric graphs. Canonical examples of such forms are obtained by pulling back invariant differentials along a tropical Torelli map. The invariant differential…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-24 Francis Brown

For any given sequence of integers there exists a quantum field theory whose Feynman rules produce that sequence. An example is illustrated for the Stirling numbers. The method employed here offers a new direction in combinatorics and graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-13 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Bernhard K. Meister

We use two variational techniques to prove upper bounds for sums of the lowest several eigenvalues of matrices associated with finite, simple, combinatorial graphs. These include estimates for the adjacency matrix of a graph and for both…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Evans M. Harell , Joachim Stubbe

There has been a great deal of attention recently to graphs whose vertex set is a group, defined using the group structure. (The commuting graph, where two elements are joined if they commute, is the oldest and most famous example.) The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Peter J. Cameron

This is an introduction to graph theory, from a geometric and analytic viewpoint. A finite graph $X$ is described by its adjacency matrix $d\in M_N(0,1)$, which can be thought of as being a kind of discrete Laplacian, and we first discuss…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-10-23 Teo Banica

Integration By Parts (IBP) is an important method for computing Feynman integrals. This work describes a formulation of the theory involving a set of differential equations in parameter space, and especially the definition and study of an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-07 Barak Kol

A generic method for combinatorial constructions of intrinsic geometrical spaces is presented. It is based on the well known inverse sequences of finite graphs that determine (in the limit) topological spaces. If a pattern of the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Stanislaw Ambroszkiewicz

In perturbative calculations of quantum mechanical path integrals in curvilinear coordinates, Feynman diagrams involve multiple temporal integrals over products of distributions, which are mathematically undefined. We derive simple rules…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 H. Kleinert , A. Chervyakov

It was observed that hyperlogarithms provide a tool to carry out Feynman integrals. So far, this method has been applied successfully to finite single-scale processes. However, it can be employed in more general situations. We give examples…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-04-01 Erik Panzer

The sandpile group of a graph is a well-studied object that combines ideas from algebraic graph theory, group theory, dynamical systems, and statistical physics. A graph's sandpile group is part of a larger algebraic structure on the graph,…

In this note a combinatorial formula related to the symmetric group is generalized to an arbitrary finite Weyl group.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ron M. Adin , Alexander Postnikov , Yuval Roichman

Mirror symmetry relates Gromov-Witten invariants of an elliptic curve with certain integrals over Feynman graphs. We prove a tropical generalization of mirror symmetry for elliptic curves, i.e., a statement relating certain labeled…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-10-18 Janko Boehm , Kathrin Bringmann , Arne Buchholz , Hannah Markwig

General formula for symmetry factors (S-factor) of Feynman diagrams containing fields with high spins is derived. We prove that symmetry factors of Feynman diagrams of well-known theories do not depend on spins of fields. In contributions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-03-18 L. T. Hue , H. T. Hung , H. N. Long

The mathematical formalism necessary for the diagramatic evaluation of quantum corrections to a conformally invariant field theory for a self-interacting scalar field on a curved manifold with boundary is considered. The evaluation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 George Tsoupros

A well-known connection between n strings winding around a circle and permutations of n objects plays a fundamental role in the string theory of large N two dimensional Yang Mills theory and elsewhere in topological and physical string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Robert de Mello Koch , Sanjaye Ramgoolam