Related papers: Knot invariants derived from quandles and racks
The combinatorial approach to knot theory treats knots as diagrams modulo Reidemeister moves. Many constructions of knot invariants (e.g., index polynomials, quandle colorings, etc.) use elements of diagrams such as arcs and crossings by…
Geometric representations of cycles in quandle homology theory are given in terms of colored knot diagrams. Abstract knot diagrams are generalized to diagrams with exceptional points which, when colored, correspond to degenerate cycles.…
Homology theories for associative algebraic structures are well established and have been studied for a long time. More recently, homology theories for self-distributive algebraic structures motivated by knot theory, such as quandles and…
We define a two-variable polynomial invariant of finite quandles. In many cases this invariant completely determines the algebraic structure of the quandle up to isomorphism. We use this polynomial to define a family of link invariants…
We revisit finite racks and quandles using a perspective based on permutations which can aid in the understanding of the structure. As a consequence we recover old results and prove new ones. We also present and analyze several examples.
Sutured manifolds defined by Gabai are useful in the geometrical study of knots and 3-dimensional manifolds. On the other hand, homology cylinders are in an important position in the recent theory of homology cobordisms of surfaces and…
In this paper, a regional knot invariant is constructed. Like the Wirtinger presentation of a knot group, each planar region contributes a generator, and each crossing contributes a relation. The invariant is call a tridle of the link. As…
It is well-known that the cohomology of symmetric quandles generates robust cocycle invariants for unoriented classical and surface links. Expanding on the recently introduced module-theoretic generalized cohomology for symmetric quandles,…
We study rack polynomials and the link invariants they define. We show that constant action racks are classified by their generalized rack polynomials and show that $ns^at^a$-quandles are not classified by their generalized quandle…
We introduce an invariant of tangles in Khovanov homology by considering a natural inverse system of Khovanov homology groups. As application, we derive an invariant of strongly invertible knots; this invariant takes the form of a graded…
In generalization of knot quandles we introduce similar algebraic structures associated with arbitrary pairs consisting of a path-connected topological space and its path-connected subspace.
A symmetric quandle is a quandle with a good involution. For a knot in \$R^3\$, a knotted surface in \$R^4\$ or an \$n\$-manifold knot in \$R^{n+2}\$, the knot symmetric quandle is defined. We introduce the notion of a symmetric quandle…
We consider the Non-Abelian Chern-Simons term coupled to external particles, in a gauge and diffeomorphism invariant form. The classical equations of motion are perturbativelly studied, and the on-shell action is shown to produce…
Given a knot, we ask how its Khovanov and Khovanov-Rozansky homologies change under the operation of introducing twists in a pair of strands. We obtain long exact sequences in homology and further algebraic structure which is then used to…
We work with a generalization of knot theory, in which one diagram is reachable from another via a finite sequence of moves if a fixed condition, regarding the existence of certain morphisms in an associated category, is satisfied for every…
We construct a family of rings. To a plane diagram of a tangle we associate a complex of bimodules over these rings. Chain homotopy equivalence class of this complex is an invariant of the tangle. On the level of Grothendieck groups this…
We construct an algebra of non-trivial homological operations on Khovanov homology with coefficients in $\mathbb Z_2$ generated by two Bockstein operations. We use the unified Khovanov homology theory developed by the first author to lift…
This paper is devoted to qualgebras and squandles, which are quandles enriched with a compatible binary/unary operation. Algebraically, they are modeled after groups with conjugation and multiplication/squaring operations. Topologically,…
A rack is a set with a binary operation that is right-invertible and self-distributive, properties diagrammatically corresponding to Reidemeister moves II and III, respectively. A rack is said to be an {\it augmented rack} if the operation…
In this paper we introduce a representation of knots and links called a cube diagram. We show that a property of a cube diagram is a link invariant if and only if the property is invariant under two types of cube diagram operations. A knot…